red territory and divine land
Chixian Shenzhou, or "Shenzhou", is a concept of geographical division in ancient China. The word "chixian Shenzhou" originated from Zou Yan, a Yin Yang scholar in the Warring States period. The word "twelve states" originated from the legend that Shun changed nine states into twelve states. The area of Kyushu extends to the East China Sea in the East, including Liaodong area. In the north, the Gobi desert and Yanshan Mountains serve as the dividing line between Han nationality area and grassland nomadic area. In the west, the Hexi corridor connects Bashu with Tibet and covers Lingnan area in the south. The geographical scope of ancient Kyushu overlaps with the traditional inhabited area of Han nationality, which is called "Huaxia Kyushu" or "handi Kyushu".
Interpretation of words
definition
Chixian Shenzhou, also known as Shenzhou, is another name for China and Han. Among the nine States listed in Huainanzi, China is located in the southeast, because China is located in the southeast of a continent surrounded by the sea. In the pre Qin period, the scope of China was limited to Lu, Jin, Qi, Zheng, Cai, Wei and other countries, such as "the mother, brother, nephew and uncle of Wang Zhi Zhi Zhi Zi" and song, Chen and other Central Plains countries, who practiced Zhou rites. On the basis of the pre Qin States, the Han Dynasty sprouted the concept of the Han nationality's nine states. after the Han Dynasty, the geographical scope of China was the same as that of chixian Shenzhou, which was equivalent to that of the Han Dynasty. Some words such as "Dongxia", "Nanxia" and "Xixia" were used to address the local areas in the Han Dynasty. As famous mountains and rivers, Sidu, Wuyue and Wuzhen are also within the scope of chixian Shenzhou (handi). Five Mountains: Taishan Mountain in the East, Huashan Mountain in the west, Hengshan Mountain in the south, Hengshan Mountain in the north, Songshan Mountain in the middle. Five towns: Yishan mountain in the East, Wushan mountain in the west, Huiji mountain in the south, Yiwulu Mountain in the north, Huoshan mountain in the middle. Jiuzhou refers to China in general. Jiuyu, Jiuyou, jiutu and Jiuqu are derived from Jiuzhou. The map of China was drawn in Song Dynasty. the geographical scope of chixian Shenzhou sprouted in the pre Qin period, and its geographical scope has remained stable since Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The scope of chixian Shenzhou generally includes Lingnan and Gansu, and there has been no great change since 2000 years. According to the Han tradition, ancient Han areas can be divided into nine parts:
Literature examples
In history of Song Dynasty, volume 423, biography No. 182, Wu Yong said: "reciting the last words of the past philosophers and the best policy to advance the country is nothing more than internal political affairs. However, the so-called internal practitioners are not only chariots and horses, but also equipment. It should be repaired for the lack of duty; for the lack of authority, it should be repaired; for the order, it should be repaired for the clear; for the army, it should be repaired for the strict; for the courage to admonish, it should be repaired for the failure to get its duty; for the defense, it should be repaired. Your majesty retreats from the military, and all the officials are under the military. The imperial court is upright, and the people are attached to it. Then he applies to the people of the Republic of China to discuss the actual situation of the military, and to cooperate with the internal and external forces. Chixian County, China, is under my care. " In the history of Song Dynasty, volume 476, biography No.235, rebellious minister Zhong, Li Quanshang, Peng Yibin wrote to Zhao Shanxiang, the governor of Yanjiang system, saying: "if you don't punish the rebellious minister, you can't recover. However, he could send troops to strangle the Huaihe River, enter Lianhe River and Haihe River, and cut off the South Road of the river. Such thieves could live birds or decapitate their heads at the command of the imperial court. After that, Yibin fought in Hebei, Xuyi generals and Xiangyang Knights fought in Henan, and Shenzhou could be restored. " In Liang Qichao's novel the relationship between novels and the governance of the masses, it is said that "all the countries in the world and all the people who have blood are not the people of chixian and Shenzhou."
Range
Pre Qin Dynasty
Chixian Shenzhou (China), also known as "Shenzhou" and "Jiuzhou". The name of chixian Shenzhou was first seen in the biographies of Mencius and Xunqing in historical records, in which it was mentioned that in the Warring States period, there was a man named Fuyan in the state of Qi who said, "China is called chixian Shenzhou." Later people called China "chixian Shenzhou", sometimes used separately, or chixian, or Shenzhou, but more often called Shenzhou. According to legend, the land under the control of Emperor Yan is called Chi County, while the land under the control of Emperor Huang is called Shenzhou. Chi county and Shenzhou are collectively called "Chi county Shenzhou". The scope of Chi county Shenzhou is "more than panmu in the East, flowing sand in the west, Youling in the north and Jiaozhi in the South". Chixian Shenzhou originated from the legend that Dayu ruled the waters and designated Jiuzhou. It is said that after Xiayu ruled the waters, China was divided into Jiuzhou, which were Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang and Yong. Later, Youzhou, Yingzhou and Bingzhou were separated from Jizhou, which was a total of 12 states with the original Jiuzhou. Therefore, Jiuzhou was also known as the 12 states. In the Warring States period, the territory of Qin, Chu, Yue, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, Wei, Qi, Lu and King Ji of Zhou were all part of the Shenzhou (Kyushu). From Yugong, we can see that the Bashu area where Tuojiang and Minshan are located is also part of the Shenzhou.
The Western Han Dynasty
In the Western Han Dynasty, there were thirteen prefectures and Sili. The thirteen prefectures were Jizhou, Youzhou, Bingzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, duizhou, Yuzhou, Yangzhou, Jiaozhou, Jingzhou, Yizhou, Liangzhou and Shuofang. Among them, Yizhou was Liangzhou among the nine prefectures; Youzhou and Bingzhou were separated from Jizhou; Liangzhou originally belonged to Yongzhou; Jiaozhou was classified into Yangzhou among the nine prefectures; Shuofang was from Yongzhou They were divided into Jizhou, Yongzhou and Yuzhou. Therefore, the scope of one Sili and thirteen prefectures in the Western Han Dynasty is equivalent to that of nine prefectures. Jizhou: Hedong County, Hanoi County; Wei County, Julu County, Changshan County, Qinghe County, Zhao county, Guangping County, Zhending County, Zhongshan County, Xindu County, Hejian County; Zhuo County, Bohai County, Daijun County, Shanggu County, Yuyang County, youbeiping County, Liaoxi County, Liaodong County, xuantu County, Lelang County, Guangyang County; Taiyuan County, Shangdang County, Yunzhong County, Dingxiang County, Yanmen county Yanzhou: Dongjun, Chenliu, Shanyang, Jiyin, Taishan, Chengyang, Huaiyang, Dongping < / Li > < li > Qingzhou: Pingyuan, Qiancheng, Jinan, Qi, Beihai, Donglai, Xichuan, Gaomi, Jiaodong < / Li > < li > Xuzhou: Chu, Sishui, Guangling, Langxie, Donghai, linhuai < / Li > < li > Yangzhou: Lujiang Jiujiang County, Kuaiji County, Danyang County, Yuzhang County, Lu'an County, Nanhai County, Yulin County, Cangwu County, Jiaozhi County, Hepu County, Jiuzhen County, rinan County < / Li > < li > Jingzhou: Nanyang County, Nanjun County, Jiangxia County, Guiyang County, Wuling County, Lingling County, Changsha County < / Li > < li > Yuzhou: Hongnong County, Henan county; Yingchuan County, Runan County, Peijun County, Liang County, Lu County < / Li > < li > Liangzhou Yongzhou: Shuofang County, Wuyuan County, Shangjun County, Xihe county and Beidi County; jingzhaoyin County, Fengyi county and Fufeng County; Longxi County, Jincheng County, Tianshui County, Anding County, Wuwei County, Zhangye County, Jiuquan county and Dunhuang county Hedong county and Hanoi County belong to Jizhou, while Henan county belongs to Yuzhou.
Eastern Han Dynasty
At the end of Han Dynasty, Jizhou was at least equivalent to the whole area of Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi and part of Inner Mongolia. At the same time, in the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, "Tianxia" in the population was the synonym of Kyushu (China), "China" was only the synonym of the dynasty regime occupying the Central Plains, or the synonym of the Central Plains. In the 18th year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jizhou was divided into nine prefectures. Jizhou was equivalent to Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Beijing, Tianjin and Inner Mongolia. Yongzhou was under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi were under the jurisdiction of Yizhou (Liangzhou). Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan and southern Henan were under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou The environment.
Jin Dynasty
The scope of Shenzhou in the Jin Dynasty is similar to that in the Han Dynasty. According to the description of Jinshu · geography records I and Jinshu · geography records II, the respective areas of chixian Shenzhou (China) in the Western Jin Dynasty are as follows: < ol > < li > Jizhou: Jizhou, Pingzhou, Youzhou, Bingzhou < / Li > < li > Yanzhou: Yanzhou < / Li > < li > Qingzhou: Qingzhou < / Li > < li > Xuzhou: Xuzhou < / Li > < li > Yangzhou: Yangzhou Jiaozhou, Guangzhou < / Li > < li > Jingzhou: Jingzhou < / Li > < li > Yuzhou: Yuzhou, Sizhou < / Li > < li > Liangzhou: Liangzhou, Yizhou, ningzhou < / Li > < li > Yongzhou: Yongzhou, Liangzhou, Qinzhou < / Li > < / ol >
Sui dynasty
According to Sui Shu geography, Sui Shu geography middle and Sui Shu geography lower, the prefectures of chixian Shenzhou (China) in Sui Dynasty are as follows: < ol > < li > Jizhou: Xindu County, Qinghe County, Wei County, Ji County, Hanoi County, Changping County, Shangdang County, Hedong County, Jiangjun County, Wencheng County, Linfen County, Longquan County, Xihe County, Lishi County, Yanmen county Mayi County, Dingxiang County, Loufan County, Taiyuan County, Xiangguo County, Wu'an County, Zhao county, Hengshan County, Boling County, Zhuo County, Shanggu County, Yuyang County, Beiping County, Anle County, Liaoxi County Yangzhou: Jiangdu County, Zhongli County, Huainan County, Yiyang County, Qichun County, Lujiang County, Tong'an County, Liyang County, Danyang County, Xuancheng County, piling County, Wujun county
Chinese PinYin : chì xiàn shén zhōu
red territory and divine land
Four in the evening and three in the morning. mù sì cháo sān
a couple who live from hand to mouth. chái mǐ fū qī
place oneself in others ' position. shè shēn chǔ dì
unpredictability of world affairs. dōng hǎi yáng chén