Xingang Nature Reserve

Xingang Nature Reserve

The nature reserve is a provincial nature reserve established with the approval of Guangdong Provincial People's Government in 1976. The total area is 933 hectares. The main protected objects are rare animals such as water deer and their habitats.

Xingang nature reserve is located in Heyuan County, central and eastern Guangdong Province, on the North Bank of Dongjiang River. The reserve is composed of Daye mountain and Hedong mountain, 406 and 451 meters above sea level. Between the two mountains is the old road of xinfengting. After the completion of xinfengting reservoir, the two mountains became prominent parts of the "peninsula", 350 meters higher than the water surface. Dayeshan is composed of three small fault rifts in the north-south direction. The eastern part is high and steep, stretching from north to south. The western part is cone-shaped and surrounded by many valleys. The terrain of Hedong mountain is a broad and difficult valley. The climate is characterized by the transition from the south subtropical zone to the middle subtropical zone. The annual average temperature is 21.1 ℃, the extreme low temperature is 3.8 ℃, the extreme high temperature is 39 ℃, and the annual accumulated temperature is 7137.7 ℃ greater than or equal to 10 ℃. The average annual precipitation is 1899.7mm, accounting for 80% from April to September. The soil is transitional, below 250 meters above sea level is latosol red soil, above 250 meters is red soil.

Introduction to scenic spots

There are more than 80 families and 400 species of vascular plants in the reserve. The zonal vegetation is seasonal rain forest and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, which has been destroyed. At present, the vegetation is secondary forest. In the valley, there are more than 30 kinds of seasonal forests, such as yajiaomu, Xiangye, dayeji, Banfenghe, Tuo, etc., including alternifolia, huangmaoge, etc. under the forest, there are more demons, and more than 30 kinds of vines, such as Spatholobus Spatholobus, maimateng, etc. Monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest is mainly distributed in the hillside and valley above 250 meters. The main tree species are Heng, bang, Zhuhe, shanwubai, Shandong, Luofu persimmon, etc. Above 350 meters above sea level, it is mainly composed of pine, tiaojinniang, Rhododendron, Liquidambar formosana, gangsong, mangqi, Maocao, etc. It belongs to the third level of national protection, including half Maple lotus, etc. The common wild animals in the nature reserve are bearded antelope, wild boar, porcupine, demon, Guokui, fox, mountain mouse, otter, etc. The second class animals under state protection include underwater, gazelle and water period. The nature reserve is located in Heyuan County, central and eastern Guangdong Province, on the North Bank of Dongjiang River. It is a provincial nature reserve established with the approval of Guangdong Provincial People's Government in 1976. The total area is 933 hectares. The main protected objects are rare animals such as water deer and their habitats.

geographical position

Xingang nature reserve is located in Heyuan City, central and eastern Guangdong Province, on the North Bank of Dongjiang River.

natural environment

Xingang nature reserve is composed of Daye mountain and Hedong mountain, 406 and 451 meters above sea level. Between the two mountains is the old road of Xinfeng River. After the completion of Xinfengjiang reservoir, the two mountains became prominent parts of the "peninsula", 350 meters higher than the water surface. Dayeshan is composed of three small fault rifts in the north-south direction. The eastern part is steep and extends from north to south. The western part is conical and surrounded by many valleys. Hedong mountain is a broad valley surrounded terrain.

climatic conditions

Heyuan is dominated by mountains and hills, and the Tropic of cancer passes through the south of the territory, which belongs to the South Asian Hot monsoon climate. It's warm and humid all year round, and it's suitable for tourism in all seasons. The climate is characterized by the transition from the south subtropical zone to the middle subtropical zone, with an average annual temperature of 21.1 ℃; the annual precipitation is 1899.7mm, and the rainfall is mainly concentrated from April to September, accounting for 80% of the total.

plant resources

There are more than 80 families and 400 species of vascular plants in the reserve. The zonal vegetation is seasonal rain forest and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, which have been destroyed. At present, the vegetation is secondary forest. In the valley, the seasonal rain forest is mainly composed of yajiaomu, Xiangye tree, Cinnamomum camphora, Banfenghe, Castanopsis, etc., and there are Ficus variabilis, Ficus microcarpa, etc., under the forest, there are many ferns, and there are more than 30 kinds of liana species, such as Spatholobus, Maarten, etc. Monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest is mainly distributed in more than 250 hillsides and valleys, and the main tree species are Castanopsis fargesii, Cinnamomum camphora, Schima superba, Sapium sebiferum, camellia, Luofu persimmon, etc. Above 350 meters above sea level, it is mainly composed of pine, Myrtle, Rhododendron, Liquidambar formosana, gangsong, thatch, etc. The state protected plants include Banfenghe, etc.

Animal resources

The common wild animals in the reserve are hyenas, wild boars, porcupines, muntjacs, civets, foxes, mountain mice, otters, etc.

Key protected objects

Water deer

Chinese Name: Shuilu

Black deer

Scientific name: Cervus unicolor

Animal kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: mammalia

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Cervidae

Genus: Cervus

Species: C. unicolor

Cervus unicolor Kerr, 1792

Distribution: it is distributed in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Indochina Peninsula and Southeast Asia. In China, it is mainly distributed in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics: the water deer is tall and stout, 120-220 cm in length, 20-30 cm in tail length, 100-130 cm in shoulder height, 180-250 kg in weight, and the largest is more than 300 kg. The female is smaller than the male. The body hair is rough and sparse. The back of the male is generally dark brown or dark brown, and the abdomen is yellowish white. The body color of the female is lighter and slightly red than that of the male. There are also brown, grayish brown and albino individuals. The dark brown longitudinal lines from the neck along the dorsal midline to the tail are one of its remarkable characteristics. The facial part is slightly longer, the snout part is exposed, the ears are large and upright, the eyes are large, and the infraorbital glands are especially developed and prominent, especially in anger or panic, they can expand to the same size as the eyes. The neck is long. The limbs are slender and powerful, the main hoof is big, and the side hoof is especially small. Both sides of the tail are densely covered with long fluffy hair, which looks like a fan. The back half of the tail is black, and the belly is white. When it is raised, it is very dazzling and eye-catching under the background of rust Brown buttocks. There are only long horns on the head of the male. The horns come from the posterolateral side of the forehead and incline outward slightly. The opposite horns form a "U" shape. The angle is simple and triangular, including an eyebrow fork and the bifurcation of the trunk at the end. The two forks at the end are generally equal in length. Generally, the trunk only bifurcates once, but occasionally it does not bifurcate or bifurcates many times. The eyebrow fork is short, and the angle tip is inclined upward, forming an acute angle with the trunk. The apex part of the angle is smooth, the rest is rough, and there is a ring of bone tumor process at the base, which is called the angle seat, commonly known as "Mopan". The horns of water deer are relatively long among deer, generally 70-80 cm long and 17-18 cm thick, with the highest record of 125 cm..

Half Maple lotus

Chinese Name: Banfenghe

Latin name: semiliquidambar cathayensis Chang

Flora: Plantae

Phylum: Angiospermae Magnoliophyta

Class: magnoliopsida

Genus: semiliquidambar

Family: Hamamelidaceae

Distribution: Yongchun, Longyan, Zhangping, Nanjing and Nanping in Southeast Fujian, Ruijin, Longnan, Jinnan, Xunwu and Anyuan in Southeast Jiangxi, Yizhang in South Hunan, Guanyang, Hexian, Longsheng, Lingui, Yongfu and Damiao in Northeast Guangdong, Chishui Guandu, qianlingshan, shapinggou and Leigong in Guizhou Mountain, sanduba street, Libo Maolan, moon mountain and other mountainous areas.

Morphological characteristics: evergreen tree, about 17 meters high, diameter at breast height up to 60 cm, bark gray, slightly rough; bud long ovate, slightly pubescent; current year branches dark brown, hairless; old branches gray, lenticels. Leaves clustered on top of branches, leathery, heteromorphic, undivided, ovate elliptic, 8-13 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide; apex acuminate, tail 1-1.5 cm long; base broadly cuneate or suborbicular, slightly unequal, dark green above, shiny, light green below, glabrous, or palmately 3-lobed, central lobe 3-5 cm long, bilateral lobes ovate triangular, 2-2.5 cm long, oblique On undivided leaves, usually 5-8 mm from base, central main vein with 4-5 pairs of lateral veins, distinct from reticulate veinlets above, prominent below, petiole 3-4 cm long, stout, upper groove, glabrous. The short spikes of male flowers are arranged in racemes, 6 cm long, the perianth is gold deficient, the stamens are numerous, the filaments are very short, the anther apex is concave, 1.2 mm long. Female flower head solitary, calyx teeth needle shaped, 2-5 mm long, pubescent, style 6-8 mm long, apex curly, pubescent, peduncle 4.5 cm long, glabrous. Capitate inflorescence 2.5 cm in diameter, 22-28 capsules, persistent calyx teeth shorter than style.

Protection value: national second class protected plants. It is endemic to China