Mahazhi tombstone
Mahazhi tombstone is located in Zhenghe Park, Yueshan, Kunyang Town, Jinning County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. It is located in the west of the slope, with the back of Dianchi Lake. The plane of mahazhi's tomb is rectangular, 3.6 meters long and 2.52 meters wide, about 0.4 meters above the ground. The shape of the first burial of mahazhi's tomb is unknown. Since the tomb was built in the early Ming Dynasty, it has been a long time since it was built. Before liberation, it has fallen into a mound. In the early 1960s, it was found that there were stone frames at the four corners of the tomb, so the frame was built with strips of stone and cement to form the present shape, maintaining the shape of the rectangular Tomb of Islam. The stone tablet is 1.65m high, 0.94M wide and 0.15m thick. The forehead of the tablet is in a round arch shape, with six characters of "gumagong epitaph" written in Xiaozhuan. The base of the tortoise shell stele. Around the body of the stone tablet, there is a pattern of twisted branches and lotus. There are 14 lines of regular script in the text, totally 284 words. The handwriting is slightly damaged.
Brief introduction to the owner of the tomb
According to the epitaph of Guma cemetery, Ma Hazi, the owner of the tomb, was born in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1344) and died in the 15th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1382). He was 39 years old.
Before his death, Maha had worshipped Mecca, the holy land of Islam. He married the Wen family and had two men and four women. His second son was Zheng He.
In the ninth year of Yongle (1411), zheng he returned to his hometown to offer sacrifices before his fourth mission to the West. This passage is engraved in the upper right corner of the inscription of Guma Cemetery: "Zheng He, the eunuch of Ma's second son, was ordered to visit his ancestors' tombs on November 22, the ninth year of Yongle, and return them on the auspicious day of December. Remember But the handwriting is so extensive that most of them are illegible.
Sources of inscriptions
Zheng He's grandfather and father were both named "Ha Zhi". According to Islamic customs, "Haji" is the honorific name of people who have pilgrimed to Mecca, the holy land of Islam. The Chinese word "hazhi", originally transliterated from Arabic, means "Pilgrim". As Zheng He left home when he was young, he may have forgotten his father's real name, or according to the custom, he called his father "mahazhi". When mahazhi died, Zheng He was only about ten years old. The funeral of his father was handled by his elder brother Ma Wenming. In the third year of Yongle, Zheng He had been promoted to an official eunuch and asked Li Zhigang, the Minister of rites, to write his father's epitaph. However, on the eve of his first trip to the west, Zheng He had to send the inscription back to Kunyang, Yunnan Province, where he carved it into stone and stood in front of his father's tomb.
Historical changes
The epitaph of Guma cemetery has been standing in front of mahazhi's tomb since it was engraved in the third year of Yongle in the early Ming Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, the descendants of Zheng He, who lived in Kunyang, took part in the Hui uprising in Yunnan. After the uprising failed, they fled to shigoutou village in Yuxi County, fearing that the epitaph would be damaged, so they buried it in front of mahazhi's tomb. Since then, no one has paid any attention to the chaotic hills in the records of Guma cemetery. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, when the Hui people built a tomb on the western slope of the moon, they found this monument standing in front of the original tomb. In 1894, Yuan Jiagu of Shiping County, Yunnan Province, learned that there was a tombstone of Zheng He's father in hedai village, Kunyang county. He paid a personal visit in 1911, got rubbings and made inscriptions (see woxuetang anthology). The tombstone became the world's attention. In 1935, Yang Lisheng, the governor of Kunyang County, set up a stele Pavilion and engraved two stone tablets on both sides of the stele, one for the biography of Zheng He in Ming Dynasty, and the other for Xia Guangnan's epitaph and postscript of the Duke of Zheng He. However, because the pavilion was too simple and crude, the foundation of the building collapsed within ten years. In 1944, Peng Jialin, a native of Yunnan, and Li qunjie, the county magistrate of Kunyang County, rebuilt the stele Pavilion at the original site. On the left side of the stele, Yuan Jiagu's "Kunyang mahazhi stele postscript" was newly erected, and on the right side, Zheng He's "Fujian Tianfei Lingying stele" was engraved. These two steles were also lost.
historical significance
As for Zheng He's family background, the previous literature is not detailed. Due to the discovery of the inscription of Guma cemetery, it is known that Zheng He was born in Kunyang, Yunnan Province, and his family background, which supplements many deficiencies of historical records. This stele is a valuable material which can not be ignored in the study of Zheng He.
full text
The full text of the epitaph of Guma cemetery is as follows:
He was born in Kunyang Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Zubaiyan, Jima. Father ha, mother Wen. He was born on a lofty and magnificent land. His style is awe inspiring and he is not willing to waste himself and attach himself to others. If a man has a fault, he will always rebuke it. He is especially good in nature. When he is poor or widowed, he will always protect him and never feel tired.
Therefore, the local party is not called the elder. It's a woman's virtue to marry Wen. Two men, Chang Wenming, CI he and four women. He had a talent ambition since he was a child. He was the son of heaven today. He was given the surname Zheng and was an official eunuch. He was diligent and sensitive, modest and confidential, and did not evade laoxun. Woo Hoo! Look at the accumulation of his son and the public
On weekdays, we can see the training with Yifang.
Gong was born on the 9th of December in Jiashen and died on the 3rd of July in Hongwu renxu. He was 39 years old. Wenming, the eldest son, was given a coffin to settle down in Baoshan Township and daicun village. It says:
In the border area, the custom of obeying etiquette and righteousness, and the practice of benefiting the common people, should have a long and profound afterlife.
Min was written by Li Zhigang, the Minister of rites and the Bachelor of Zuo Chunfang.
On May 25, 2006, as a Ming Dynasty cultural relic, mahazhi tombstone was approved by the State Council to be listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Address: Zhenghe Park, Kunyang Town, Jinning County, Yunnan Province
Longitude: 102.59205165344
Latitude: 24.671177618907
Chinese PinYin : Ma Ha Zhi Mu Bei
Mahazhi tombstone
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