Jiaolin Bookstore

Jiaolin Bookstore

Jiaolin bookstore, founded in 1667 (the sixth year of Kangxi), is a collection and reading place of Liang Qingbiao, a famous painting and calligraphy collector and connoisseur. It is located 100 meters north of Liang's ancestral hall in Zhengding County, Hebei Province. It should be a part of Liang's mansion at that time. It is a quadrangle courtyard, covering an area of 1040 square meters, with an existing building area of 230 square meters. Zhengding County key cultural relics protection units.

The origin of Zhai's name

In 1667 (the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), Liang Qingbiao was dismissed from his post. He left the noisy capital and returned to his hometown. He got rid of the tangle of miscellaneous affairs. He repaired the Jiaolin library and enjoyed the life of literati in the sea of books. On the construction of Jiaolin bookstore and the origin of its name, Liang Qingbiao wrote in the preface to the painting of Jiaolin bookstore

Zhongyun: "the book house in Jiaolin is constructed to collect books, and the one in which Yan Xi sings and roars. He was not sensitive to giving and could not learn from the ancients. He paid attention to buying books and gave money to others. If you meet an old friend, you are always happy and tired. If you can't read the rate, you will accumulate more after a long time. He also loved the green and comfortable plantains, which had the flavor of the forest, so he built rooms and cloth mats to support them. He said that the cities in the South were not so small. A few plantains are planted in the border, and the windows are covered. They are swaying in the wind. The common people can forget their thirst and dust. It is suitable for sunny days, light wind and bright moon. It is especially suitable for rain pattering and empty steps. The sound answers each other. The lonely guest hears and thinks, and you can hold it comfortably. I have heard that huaisu is fond of books without paper. He grows tens of thousands of bananas and takes leaves for books. His number is Lvtian. In ancient times, people who were not engaged in calligraphy stole some of them from banana trees. When they were widely spread in clear shade and clear as water, I don't know how to live in the green sky? "We can see that the book house was named" banana forest "because its owner" loved the green and comfortable banana trees and had the flavor of the forest ". The other reason was that the owner admired huaisu's high interest in" planting tens of thousands of banana trees and taking leaves for books "in the" green sky nunnery "and worshipped the free and easy spirit of grass sage Bold and unconstrained character and book style.

Architectural style

It can be seen from the picture of Jiaolin bookstore by Zheng Wuchang that Jiaolin bookstore is a courtyard with strict layout. It is a quadrangle courtyard with north facing south. The original gate, two gates, rolling shed and cloth tile roof are used. The brick houses with tile roofs, the verdant plantains and the superimposed Taihu stones set off against each other. Jiaolin library is three rooms wide, two rooms deep, and covered with green tiles. It is 11 meters wide and 7 meters deep. The two sides of the mountain are ridge of lingdang row, and the beam frame is of six purlin front corridor type. The beam between the eaves column and the gold column is made of hemp leaf. The narrow base plate is used between the beams, and the lotus leaf pier is used to support the bottom of the plate. The column base is of basin type.

Jiaolin bookstore is not only the place where Liang Qingbiao collected calligraphy, paintings and ancient and modern books, but also a special residence for him. In the courtyard, Ginkgo biloba, Begonia and banana are planted, among which the elegant Taihu Lake stone ring reflects the elegant aesthetic cultivation of the host.

Collection of treasures

After the completion of Jiaolin bookstore, Liang Qingbiao stored his books, ancient legal books and famous paintings in it, making Jiaolin bookstore "store hundreds of thousands of ancient books". The most important collection in the library is the famous calligraphy and paintings of the past dynasties, and most of them are rare treasures. The famous masterpieces, such as Wang Xizhi's preface to the Orchid Pavilion, Li Bai's on the balcony, Yan Liben's painting of walking chariot, song Zhengzong's painting of willow crows and wild geese, Gu Kaizhi's Fu of Luoshen, etc., were all old collections of Jiaolin library. His collection of precious calligraphy and paintings up to hundreds of thousands of volumes, a "collection of the best" reputation.

Because Liang Qingbiao had a rich collection, profound knowledge and high position, Jiaolin bookstore was also a collection of literati at that time. At that time, many famous calligraphers and painters wrote poems and paintings for Jiaolin bookstore, such as the painting of Jiaolin bookstore by Xiao Chen and the painting of Jiaolin bookstore by Mr. Danong cangyan by Wang Maolin.

Liang Qingbiao's famous paintings include the painting of spring outing by Zhan Ziqian of Sui Dynasty, the painting of walking chariot by Yan Liben of Tang Dynasty, the painting of hairpin ladies by Zhou Fang of Tang Dynasty, the painting of Seven Sages by Sun Wei of Tang Dynasty, the painting of imitating Luo God by Gu Kaizhi of Tang Dynasty, the painting of kuanglu by Jing Hao of Five Dynasties, the painting of Han Xizai's banquet by Gu Hongzhong of Five Dynasties, the painting of turning carts at gate of Five Dynasties, and the painting of snow scenery and cold forest by fan Kuang of Northern Song Dynasty 》In the Northern Song Dynasty, Guo Xi's "Ke Shi Ping Yuan Tu" axis, Li Gong Lin's "Wei Yan Mu Fang Tu" volume, Li Tang's "Wanhe Song Feng Tu", jiangshen's "Qianli Jiang Shan Tu" volume, etc. (the bold type paintings are kept in museums in China, and the rest are kept in the Palace Museum in Taipei.)

According to the investigation of Chen Yaolin, a cultural relic expert in Hebei Province, there are more than 160 kinds of old banana forest collections in major museums at home and abroad.

Current situation of Library

According to the records of Zhengding County annals, Liang Bin, the sun of Liang Qingbiao, in the autumn of 1760 (the 25th year of Qianlong's reign), "the magistrate of Shaoxing didn't go there, so he led the disease back to the field". In the spring and Autumn period, his family situation gradually rose and declined. At this point, the descendants of the Liang family in the Xiaoxiao wood, to the last ray of light of the famous family. After 70 years of Liang Qingbiao's death, his "Jiaolin bookstore" was hollowed out bit by bit by his descendants. Liang's collection will be difficult to preserve at a time when his family is in decline and he is in financial difficulties. Liang Qingbiao's collection, which he had been searching for all his life, was lost within three generations. After several twists and turns, it was intentionally or unintentionally scattered in the world and became a collection of treasures in many major museums at home and abroad.

According to reports, before liberation, Liang's descendants built a new two-story building here. There are still three hard top North houses and two hard top houses in this depressed courtyard. The doors and windows have been changed into glass doors and windows by later generations. It is said that the blue plaque of "Jiaolin book house" hanging under the eaves of the north house survived until the 1980s.

The main house of the front yard is a rolling shed with grey tiles and hard hills. Three rooms wide and one deep. The roof has partially collapsed due to disrepair. The west chamber is two rooms wide and one deep. It has been converted into a flat roof. Miss embroidery building in the backyard is a two-story hard peak building. Sitting in the East and West, it is three rooms wide and one room deep. The top has been converted into a flat roof. Jiaolin bookstore is the public production room of Zhengding County Urban Construction Bureau. On May 10, 1995, Zhengding County People's government announced it as a key cultural relics protection unit in Zhengding County.

Although the lost Jiaolin book house is still a ginkgo tree window, stone steps with rain, but many memories of history can not be forgotten. With the continuous appeal of Liang's descendants and the efforts of all parties, Shijiazhuang municipal government has instructed Zhengding County Government to call relevant departments for in-depth investigation in 2009, and invited leaders and experts from provincial and municipal cultural relics departments to "Jiaolin bookstore" for special investigation and consultation on protection plan. When the time is ripe, Jiaolin bookstore will be managed by cultural relics department, and Shijiazhuang city will allocate special funds for management And repair.

After the restoration of Jiaolin library, all kinds of cultural relics or reproductions will be displayed according to the original collection pattern to reproduce the grand occasion of "collection is the best in the world".

Historical influence

The protection and inheritance of national precious cultural relics are inseparable from the public and private collection institutions and collectors in the past dynasties. Liang Qingbiao is an important collector in the history of Chinese art. Although his collection is intended for personal appreciation, hoping to be "the son and grandson of sun Yongbao", it has left many precious materials for future generations and made a great contribution, which can be regarded as an important figure in the history of Chinese culture.

Although the "treasures of Jiaolin" later spread, almost all of the ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy collections in major museums at home and abroad have the old collection of Liang's Jiaolin bookstore. "Jiaolin bookstore" and "Tangcun appreciation" have become admirable concepts in the history of Chinese art, and they have a high position in the history of Chinese art.

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Character background

Liang Qingbiao (1620-1691) was named Yuli, Tangcun, Jiaolin and cangyanzi. In 1643 (the 16th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), he was a Jinshi, and was granted the title of Imperial Academy scholar. He is a bachelor, a famous connoisseur and collector of calligraphy and painting in the early Qing Dynasty. In Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties, he successively served as the Minister of the military department, the Ministry of rites, the Ministry of punishment, and the Ministry of household. Later, he was granted the bachelor degree of Baohe palace, and his position was very prominent. In March of 1667 (the sixth year of Kangxi's reign), he was the chief examiner of the general examination,

He was dismissed from his post by "Jing Cha Jie" and "the Duke went back to his hometown, repaired the Jiaolin book house, wrote poems and drank wine, and toured the spring and stone. He had a final ambition." In 1669 (the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), he was also appointed Minister of the Ministry of punishment, the Ministry of household and the Ministry of war. He was promoted to the Bachelor of Baohe hall. He presided over the revision of the history of the three dynasties, the political code, the strategy of pacifying the three evils, the code of the Qing Dynasty, the unified annals and the history of the Ming Dynasty. Liang Qingbiao died in 1691 at the age of 72.

Appreciation of famous artists

Liang Qingbiao is studious in his life. He not only likes collecting calligraphy and paintings of famous artists, but also has strong appraisal ability. Liang Qingbiao's "good view of ancient calligraphy and painting, can evaluate its true and false.". Almost all the paintings and calligraphy that he stamped are authentic. His identification of calligraphy and painting eyesight is high, posterity is unanimous. When Liang Qingbiao recited poems and appreciated paintings, he was regarded by people as belonging to the group of inscriptions on gold and stone, calligraphy and painting, and the Ding Yi nationality, and was a member of the sea. At that time, the level of appreciation was very high. His collection of paintings and calligraphy, never superstitious description and famous works, for anonymous and no famous painter's fine works, the same storage. All the famous paintings in the collection were mounted in a specific form by special personnel, and most of them were autographed by Liang Qingbiao. Most of his collections are famous works of song and Yuan Dynasties. The common seal of collection in calligraphy and painting are "Hebei Tangcun" and "cangyanzi"