Yanming Lake National Nature Reserve

Yanming Lake National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province

synonym

Yanming Lake National Nature Reserve generally refers to Jilin Yanming Lake National Nature Reserve

Yanming Lake National Nature Reserve is located in Dunhua City, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province. It is located at the south foot of zhangguangcai ridge in Changbai Mountains. It is adjacent to Ning'an County in Heilongjiang Province in the East, Huangnihe Forestry Bureau in the north, Guandi Town, Ermu town and Heishi Township in Dunhua City in the southwest, and Dunhua Forestry Bureau in the southeast. With a total area of 53940 hectares, the Nature Reserve belongs to the type of "inland wetland and water ecosystem". The main protected objects are the wetlands in the upper reaches of the Mudanjiang River and the important ecological corridors for the migration of endangered waterfowls such as black stork, Oriental White Stork, Red Crowned Crane, Chinese merganser duck and Amur tiger.

Historical evolution

Founded in 1991, the reserve is the first county-level Nature Reserve Approved by Dunhua municipal government.

In 2002, it was promoted to provincial nature reserve.

In April 2007, it was promoted to a national nature reserve.

In November 2016, the State Council agreed to adjust the scope of Yanming Lake National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province. After the adjustment, the area, scope and functional zoning of the reserve will be announced by the Ministry of environmental protection.

geographical environment

Location context

Jilin Yanming Lake National Nature Reserve is located in Dunhua City, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province. It is located at the south foot of zhangguangcai ridge in Changbai Mountains. It is adjacent to Ning'an County in Heilongjiang Province in the East, Huangnihe Forestry Bureau in the north, Guandi Town, Ermu town and Heishi Township in Dunhua City in the southwest, and Dunhua Forestry Bureau in the southeast. Its geographical coordinates are 128 degrees 11 minutes 40 seconds to 128 degrees 45 minutes 30 seconds east longitude Second, 43 degrees 39 minutes 20 seconds north latitude to 43 degrees 51 minutes 28 seconds. The total area of the reserve is 53940 hectares, of which the core area is 19649 hectares, accounting for 36.4% of the total area of the reserve; the buffer area is 24846 hectares, accounting for 46.1% of the total area of the reserve; and the experimental area is 9445 hectares, accounting for 17.5% of the total area of the reserve.

topographic features

This area is a low mountain and hilly area, the overall terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The remaining veins of zhangguangcai mountain, maluling and Xiaoling, extend from north to south to the Mudanjiang River. There are streams, valleys and meadows in the area, which constitute a complex and diverse geomorphic type.

climate

The climate of the Reserve belongs to the humid monsoon climate in the middle temperate zone. The climate is characterized by short spring and autumn, cool and little rain, warm summer, abundant rainfall, long and cold winter, average annual temperature of 4.3 ℃ and average frost free period of 120 days.

hydrology

The reserve is one of the areas with high river density in Jilin Province. Mudanjiang, a tributary of Songhua River, enters the reserve from the west end and runs through the south of the reserve from west to East. The length of the reserve is 53 km, the drainage area is 2383.5 hectares, and the annual runoff is 2.68 billion cubic meters.

natural resources

Wetland resources

According to the classification system of the Convention on wetlands and the classification standards of the national technical regulations for wetland resources investigation and monitoring, the wetlands in Yanming Lake Nature Reserve can be divided into eight types, which belong to the natural and artificial wetland systems. There are three categories and six types of natural wetland: permanent River wetland, flood land, permanent freshwater lake wetland, forest swamp, shrub swamp and herb swamp; there are two types of constructed wetland: paddy field and reservoir. Compared with the wetland types in Jilin Province, the wetland type accounts for 57.5% of Jilin Province, which is one of the regions with rich wetland resources.

The wetland area is 18905 hectares, accounting for 35.0% of the total area. Among them, the natural wetland area is 17357 hectares, accounting for 91.8% of the wetland area, and the constructed wetland area is 1548 hectares, accounting for 8.2% of the wetland area.

Among the natural wetlands, the largest area is forest swamp with an area of 8100 hectares, accounting for 46.7% of the natural wetland area; the second is river wetland with an area of 2800 hectares, accounting for 16.1% of the natural wetland area; the third is herb swamp with an area of 2450 hectares, accounting for 14.1% of the natural wetland area; and the flooding area is 1600 hectares The results show that the area of wetland is 1 545 hectares, accounting for 9.2% of the natural wetland area; the area of shrub swamp is 1 545 hectares, accounting for 8.9% of the natural wetland area; the area of Lake wetland is the smallest, accounting for 862 hectares, accounting for 5.0% of the natural wetland area.

The area of constructed wetland in this area is mainly reservoir with an area of 895 hectares, accounting for 57.8% of the total area of constructed wetland in this area, followed by paddy field with an area of 653 hectares, accounting for 42.2% of the total area of constructed wetland in this area.

Forest swamp

The forest swamp is dominated by Betula platyphylla - Carex angustifolia swamp, and the shrub swamp is dominated by Betula platyphylla Carex swamp and Carex angustifolia Carex swamp. The main types of herbaceous swamps in this area are felt swamp, Carex angustifolia swamp, Phragmites australis swamp and miscellaneous grass swamp. Felt swamp is the main type of herbaceous swamp in this area, which is widely distributed. There are Carex floating raft swamp and Carex tatau swamp with large area. Carex floating raft swamp is the most typical swamp type in Jilin Province, which enriches the heterogeneity of the Ming waters and provides excellent space conditions for waterfowl habitat. Due to the covering of the floating mat, the temperature of the river water body under the "Floating Raft" is reduced, which creates a suitable water environment for the spawning and feeding of cold water fishes.

Protection target

Protected objects

According to the classification criteria of "principles for classification of types and levels of nature reserves", the Nature Reserve belongs to the category of "ecosystem" and "inland wetland and water ecosystem". The main protected objects are the wetlands in the upper reaches of Mudanjiang River and the important corridors for the migration of rare and endangered waterfowl such as black stork, Oriental White Stork, Red Crowned Crane and Amur tiger.

animal

There are 368 species of wild vertebrates belonging to 212 genera, 90 families, 34 orders. Among them, 44 species belong to 34 genera, 12 families, 5 orders of fish, 12 species belong to 6 genera, 6 families, 2 orders of amphibians, 13 species belong to 8 genera, 4 families, 3 orders of reptiles, 251 species belong to 129 genera, 51 families, 17 orders of birds and 45 species belong to 34 genera, 16 families, 6 orders of mammals. There are 7 species of wildlife under state level I key protection, 2 species of mammals and 5 species of birds, namely black stork, Oriental White Stork, Red Crowned Crane, Chinese merganser, Golden Eagle, Siberian tiger and musk deer; 42 species of wildlife under state level II key protection, 7 species of mammals and 35 species of birds, such as mandarin duck, hazel grouse, yellow billed egret, black bear, brown bear and lynx

Botany

There are 1460 species of higher plants in 63 orders, 143 families, 512 genera, including 50 species of bryophytes in 11 orders, 24 families, 35 genera, 81 species of Pteridophytes in 8 orders, 20 families, 35 genera, 44 orders, 99 families, 442 genera, 1329 families of seed plants (including 11 species of gymnosperms in 1 order, 2 families, 6 genera, 43 orders, 97 families, 436 genera, 1318 families of angiosperms). In addition, there are 57 species of lichens belonging to 27 genera, 17 families, 1 order. Taxus cuspidata is one of the first-class national protected plants, and eight of the second-class national key protected wild plants are Korean pine, Fraxinus mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, wild soybean, lotus, Juglans mandshurica, Tilia amurensis and acanthopanax senticosus.

tourist resources

The reserve has more than 80 water areas, mainly Yanming Lake and Tara lake. It is rich in all kinds of wild freshwater fish and lotus root. The combination of mountain, water and forest is excellent. The rural flavor of "small bridge, flowing water and people" is very strong. It is a good place for leisure, summer vacation and vacation. The wetland ecosystem formed along the upper reaches of Mudanjiang River in the scenic area is not only a natural reservoir on land, but also a resource of many wild animals and plants, especially the breeding place, migration place and wintering place of rare waterfowl, such as black stork, which is a national first-class protected species. Yanminghu town in the scenic spot has a long history and many historical sites. The most famous Yaodian "24 stone" has a very high practical significance and historical value in the study of northeast national history and culture, traffic and architecture in the Bohai Sea period.

Yanming Lake ecotourism resort has built Danjiang villa, Yingshan Lake Resort, Tala Lake Resort, etc., built xiaoshanyu culture ecological village and Dashan ecological agriculture village, formed three ecological tourism functional areas of suburban ecotourism, Yanming Lake fish village scenery tourism and Danjiang leisure vacation tourism, developed four series of ecotourism products of ecological food products and one Yanming Lake Resort Lake live fish festival festival exhibition activities, launched fishing, fishing and other tourism projects.

Management status

The reserve has set up a Reserve Management Bureau with six functional departments and three protection management stations, Dashan, Dagou and Sihaidian. Dunhua City has formulated "Jilin Yanming Lake Nature Reserve Management Measures", "provisions on grazing prohibition in key protected wetlands" and "ten prohibitions for residents in the reserve" and other normative management regulations and documents. Over the past few years, we have successfully demolished an individual gas station in the reserve, cracked down on more than 20 cases of destruction of forest land, occupation of wetlands, and indiscriminate hunting and killing of wild animals, and released more than 30 wild animals. As of 2009, 1500 hectares of cropland, 300 hectares of grass and 70 hectares of wet land have been returned to the nature reserve, and 2500 hectares of forest have been planted under the forest canopy. The forest coverage in the nature reserve has increased from 49 and 5% in 2000