Baibu

[name of traditional Chinese medicine] Baibu

(notes to the classic of Materia Medica)

[synonyms] souyao (Tao Hongjing), baitiaogen, yetianmendong, bainai (Yang's empirical formula), jiuconggen (Cao Mu Bian Fang), jiuchonggen (classified herbal medicine), yiwohu (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi), 99tiaogen (Chinese local pesticide Zhi), shanbaigen (traditional Chinese medicine Zhi), niulougui (Mindong materia medica).

[source] tuberous roots of stemonaceae, such as stemonaceae, stemonaceae and stemonaceae.

[plant morphology] ① Stemona vine, also known as Stemona herb (papuzi), POFU herb (rihuazi materia medica), Stemona vine.

Herbs perennial, 60-90 cm high, all smooth and glabrous. The roots are fleshy, usually spindle shaped, with several to dozens of clusters. The upper part of stem is tendril like, with longitudinal striae. Leaves usually 4-whorled; ovate or ovate lanceolate, 3-9 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, entire or microwavy, base rounded or nearly truncate, occasionally shallowly cordate, midrib 5-9; petiole linear, 1.5-2.5 cm long. Pedicel filiform, 1.5-2.5 cm long, its base attached to the leaf midrib, each pedicel usually has a single flower; perianth 4 pieces, light green, ovate lanceolate to ovate; stamen 4 pieces, purple, filament short, anther introverted, linear, with a linear appendage at the top; ovary ovate, very small, without style. Capsule broadly ovate and flat; with several long oval seeds. The flowering period is May. The fruiting period is July.

It grows under shrubs or bamboo forests on sunny slopes. Distributed in Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other places.

② Stemona erecta

Herbaceous perennial, 30-60m high. Stem erect, unbranched, longitudinally striated. The leaves are usually 3-4 whorls, occasionally 5; ovate, ovate elliptic to ovate lanceolate, 3.5-5.5 cm long, 1.8-3.8 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, veins usually 5, middle 3 especially obvious; short petiole or almost sessile. Flowers axillary, mostly in axillary bracts near the lower part of stem; pedicels slender, erect or obliquely upward. The flowering period is from March to April.

It grows under mountain forest or bamboo forest. Distributed in Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and other places.

③ Stemona opposita

Perennial climbing herbs, up to 5 m tall. The root tuber is fleshy, spindle or cylindrical, 15-30 cm long. The upper part of stem twines. Leaves usually opposite; broadly ovate, 8-30 cm long, 2.5-10 cm wide, base shallowly cordate, entire or microwavy, veins 7-11; petiole 4-6 cm long. Flowers axillary; 1 lanceolate bracteoles under flowers; perianth 4, lanceolate, yellow green, purple veined. The capsule is obovate and flat. The flowering period is from May to June.

It grows under sunny shrubs. Distributed in Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

In addition, Stemona tenuiflora (Hainan) and Stemona stenophylla (Lijiang, Yunnan) are also used as medicine.

[collection] before the emergence of new buds in spring and when the seedlings wither in autumn, dig them out, wash the soil, remove the fibrous roots, soak them in boiling water, and then take them out to dry.

[medicinal materials] 1. The tuberous roots of Stemona spreading and Stemona erect are slightly spindle shaped, straight or slightly curved, with thin ends, about 4-18 cm in length and about 1 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish white to yellowish brown, extremely wrinkled, with irregular deep longitudinal grooves and wrinkles. It is hard and easy to break. The section is slightly horny, yellowish white to dark brown, and the central column is mostly flattened. The taste is sweet first and then bitter. It is better to be strong, fat, solid and white.

It is mainly produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and other places; in addition, it is also produced in Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Sichuan.

② The root of Stemona opposite leaf is thick, about 12-25 cm long, about 1-2 cm in diameter, with shallow longitudinal wrinkle. It is hard. The fracture surface is slightly horny and the central column is white. It is better to be fat and strong with yellow and white color.

It is mainly produced in Hubei, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places; in addition, it is also produced in Guangdong, Anhui, Hunan, Guizhou, Fujian, Taiwan and other places.

In a few areas of Yunnan and Sichuan, the tuberous roots of Liliaceae plant asparagus japonicus can be used as Stemona, named "tumeba", for details; in Guangxi, the tuberous roots of asparagus can be used as Stemona, named "xiaobaibu", for details.

[chemical constituents] Rhizoma tuberosum contains many alkaloids.

Stemona vine: stemona root contains Stemona alkaloids. Stemonitine, isostemonitine, protostemonitine, stemonitine, huastemonitine, etc.

Stemona erectus: Stemona, protostemona, Stemona, isostemona, Stemona paraphylla, huoduolin and Stemona erectus are contained in roots.

Stemona contraphylla: Stemona contraphylla, Stemona contraphylla, Stemona isopara phylla, Stemona, Stemona subparaphylla, Stemona oxyphylla in roots. It also contains 2.32% sugar, 0.84% lipid, 9.25% protein, 12.1% ash, acetic acid, formic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and oxalic acid.

[identification] (1) cross section of this product: the root coat of Stemona erecta is 3-4 rows of cells, the wall is corked and lignified, with dense fine stripes. The cortex is wider. There are 19-27 phloem bundles in the stele and 19-27 xylem bundles in the xylem bundle. There are a few non lignified fibers inside the phloem bundle. There are 2-5 xylem bundle vessels with wood fibers and tracheids. The vessels are polygonal with a radial diameter of about 48 μ M. There are a few small fibers scattered in the medulla.

The root coat of Stemona Stemona is composed of 3-6 rows of cells. Phloem fiber is lignified. The diameter is about 184 μ m, usually deep into the medulla and arranged in 2-3 turns with the lateral duct bundle.

The root of Stemona contraphylla is divided into three rows of cells, the cell wall has no stripes, and the inner wall of its inner cells is very thick. There are scattered fibers in the lateral cortex, which are square like and the wall is slightly lignified. There are 36-40 phloem bundles in the stele. The xylem bundle vessels are polygonal in shape, with a diameter of 107 μ M. the inner side of the vessel is connected with wood fibers and micro lignified parenchyma cells to form a ring layer.

(2) Take 5g of the powder, add 50ml of 70% ethanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the ethanol from the filtrate, add concentrated ammonia to the residue, adjust the pH value to 10-11, add 5ml of chloroform, shake and extract, separate the chloroform layer, evaporate and dry, add 5ml of 1% hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve the residue, and filter.

The filtrate is divided into two parts: one is added with bismuth potassium iodide test solution to form orange red precipitate; the other is added with silicotungstic acid test solution to form milky white precipitate.

[extract] according to the hot leaching method (Appendix XA) under the water-soluble extract determination method, it shall not be less than 50.0%.

[pharmacological action] 1

In vitro test, Baibu Decoction and Baibu alcohol extract of Folium parifolium were effective against a variety of pathogenic bacteria, such as pneumococcus, B-hemolytic Streptococcus, meningococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Shigella dysentery, typhoid, paratyphoid, Escherichia coli, proteus, diphtheria, pneumonia, Yersinia pestis, anthrax and Bacillus subtilis And Vibrio cholerae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis have different degrees of antibacterial effect. The aqueous extract of Stemona Stemona had certain inhibitory effect on some pathogenic fungi in vitro, but it was also reported that it had no antibacterial effect on fungi. Baibu (unknown variety) could prolong the life span of Newcastle virus (NDV) chicken embryos to 36 hours.

② Insecticidal effect

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Stemona manshurica and other Stemona species (unidentified species) have killing effects on larvae, head lice, coat lice and bedbugs of mosquitoes and flies. High concentration of Stemona could kill pinworm in vitro.

③ Other functions

1-1% iodine solution was used. 5ml was injected into the right pleura cavity of the cat to induce pleurisy and cough. The Baibu (unidentified) Decoction, 0.6-0.9g/kg, had no antitussive effect. Stemonine isolated from Stemona can cause tetrodotoxin like convulsions.

[processing] Baibu: clean impurities, remove fibrous roots, wash, moisten thoroughly, then cut into sections and dry in the sun. Honey Baibu: take Baibu Duan, use refined honey (100jin Baibu Duan, 12jin 8liang honey) and add appropriate amount of boiling water to melt, mix well, slightly stuffy, wait for the honey water to absorb, stir fry in a pot until it is slightly yellow and does not stick to hands, take out and let cool.

"Lei Gong Paozhi Lun" says, "if you want to use a bamboo knife to cut a hundred pieces, remove the heart skin, make ten pieces of flowers, hang them under the eaves and let the wind blow. After the soil is dry, soak them in wine for one night, strain them out, bake them and file them. "

[flavor] sweet and bitter, slightly warm.

① Bielu: "Weiwen. "

② Tao Hongjing: "it's like the winter of heaven, but it's bitter and strong, and it also has little poison. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "sweet taste, non-toxic. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "bitter taste, non-toxic. "

[meridian tropism] entering lung meridian.

① "Yunnan Materia Medica": "into the lung. "

② New edition of materia medica: "entering the lung meridian, it also enters the spleen and stomach. "

Functions and indications: moisten lung qi, relieve cough and kill insects. It is used to treat cold cough, pertussis, tuberculosis, cough and asthma in the elderly, Ascaris lumbricoides, pinworm disease, skin scabies and eczema.

(1) Runfei Zhike: used for new and long cough, such as acute, chronic bronchitis, pertussis and tuberculosis. With ephedra, almond treatment of children with cold cough; with aster, Fritillaria, cold water stone treatment of children with lung heat cough. (2) Killing lice: used for head lice and body lice. Treatment of pinworm with concentrated decoction enema.

① Baopuzi: "to cure cough and kill insects. "

② Bielu: "it's mainly about coughing up Qi. "

③ Tao Hongjing: "Baibu fire wine stains, drink the treatment of cough, but also the main to lice.". He was also in charge of coughing. "

④ "Theory of medicinal properties": "it can treat the heat of the lung family, upper Qi, cough, and nourish and benefit the lung. "

⑤ In the collection of materia medica: "burn, soak wine, drink on an empty stomach, and get rid of insects