Apple

Apple

(materia medica of Southern Yunnan)

[synonyms] NaI (Shuowen), Banpo (Guangzhi), Naizi (Qianjin Shizhi), Pingbo (Yinshan Zhengzheng), Chaofan Zi and natural Zi (Diannan materia medica).

[source] apple fruit of Rosaceae.

[plant morphology] apple

Deciduous trees, up to 15 m high. Branchlets villous, pubescent. Leaves broadly elliptic to elliptic, or ovate, 4.5-10 cm long, 3-5.5 cm wide, apex slightly pointed, base broadly cuneate, margin obtusely serrate, pubescent on both sides of young leaves; petiole 1.5-3 cm long, pubescent. The corymb has 3-7 flowers; the flowers are white and reddish; the japonica is 1-2.5 cm long; the calyx is persistent, the lobes are triangular lanceolate, longer than the calyx tube, the pedicel and calyx are villous; the petals are 5, obovate; the stamens are many; the ovary is inferior, the style is 5, and the lower part is pubescent. The pear fruit is oblate, usually about 7 cm, with concave top and base. The flowering period is April. The fruit period is from August to October.

It is native to Europe and Central Asia. At present, China's northeast, North China. It is widely cultivated in East China. The Chinese apple cultivated in ancient China is a variety of the above-mentioned plants. Its quality is soft, sweet and sour, and it is not resistant to storage. It is cultivated in Northwest China, Hebei and Yunnan provinces.

The leaf (apple leaf) and pericarp (apple peel) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] from September to October, the fruits are harvested when they are ripe.

[chemical composition] Apple mainly contains carbohydrates, most of which are sugars. Sucrose is about 4% and reducing sugar is 6-9%. The starch content of unfermented fruit disappeared with the ripening of fruit. It contains about 0.5% acid, mainly malic acid, in addition to quinic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid. In addition, there are esters and acids.

[pharmacological action] Apple injection without pectin can increase blood glucose in rabbits (normal or insulin first) by intravenous injection, and its diuretic effect is 2-3 times that of the latter. It can also normalize the abnormal movement of isolated rabbit intestines (hyperactivity or overinhibition caused by atropine, acetylcholine, magnesium or barium salts), and mildly prevent the effect of deoxycorticosterone on hypertension in rats.

Sweet and cool.

① Bielu: "bitter taste, cold. "

② Qianjin? Shizhi: "it tastes sour and bitter, cold, astringent and non-toxic. "

③ "Suixiju diet spectrum": "sweet, cool. "

Functions and indications: promoting fluid production, moistening lung, eliminating vexation, relieving constipation, appetizing and sobering up.

① Qianjin Shizhi: "yixinqi. "

② Meng Shen: "it is mainly used to replenish the deficiency of Qi in the middle Jiao and to harmonize the spleen. If the Qi is blocked after eating, it should be taken with raw and mashed juice. "

③ "Drinking and eating" and "relieving thirst and promoting fluid". "

④ Dianfu materia medica: "stew and paste to produce body fluid.". "

⑤ According to the picture of Materia Medica in South Yunnan, "it can cure spleen deficiency and fire, and replenish the middle and Qi. The same wine and food treat the pain of muscles and bones. Rubs the sore red halo to be possible to disperse. "

⑥ Yilin zuanyao: "quench thirst, remove trouble, relieve heat and remove blood stasis. "

⑦ "Suixiju diet spectrum": "moistening the lung and pleasing the heart, promoting body fluid and appetizing, sobering up. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: raw food, mashed juice or boiled cream. External use: mash juice and spread it.

[taboo] bielu: "eating too much makes people distensible, especially for patients. "