Duke Xianggong of Jin Dynasty
Xianggong of Jin, surnamed Ji, was a monarch, statesman and militarist of Jin. He was the son of Wengong and Bijia of Jin.
In 628 BC, Duke Xianggong of Jin succeeded to the throne. During his reign, he defeated the state of Qin in the battle of Yao and the battle of pengya, and defeated the strong Chu in the battle of Jishui. He succeeded his father as the overlord of the Central Plains and ruled from the arch, which pushed the hegemony of Jin to the peak again.
The scholar Quan Zuwang listed Jin Xianggong as one of the five tyrants in the spring and Autumn period. Lu Simian, a famous historian in modern times, Tong Shuye, a famous historian in pre Qin history, and Li boqian, a famous archaeologist in pre Qin history, all believed that Jin Xianggong was the overlord at that time. Tong Shuye has a high evaluation of Xianggong in his spring and autumn history. He divides Xianggong's short and brilliant life into several aspects: one is the northern expedition, the second is the southern Lue Chu, the third is the eastern expedition to Wei, the fourth is the western expedition to Qin, and the fifth is the reorganization of Liuqing.
Life of the characters
govern by doing nothing that goes against nature
Duke Xianggong of Jin, surnamed Ji, was named Huan. He was the son of Duke Wengong of Jin. His mother forced him to add, and he was called childe Huan before he succeeded to the throne. In the winter of 628 BC, Duke Wen of Jin died, and his son Huan succeeded him as the king of Jin.
Jin Xianggong is generous in nature, not as tough as his father. Because it was his father who laid the foundation, Jin Xianggong's task was to "follow Xiao's rules and follow Cao's rules". Jin Xianggong let his father's important ministers stay in their original positions, so that after the death of Jin Wengong, the core leader of Jin, there was no large-scale personnel adjustment, and it was not easy to cause riots or even rebellion.
It is true that Jin Xianggong's ruling by hanging on an arch is related to his character, but when the regime was not stable at that time, it was called zhaomiao chess. Jin Xianggong basically got all his father's legacy, including the authority and status of the overlord.
Attack Qin people
When Jin offered the Duke, he destroyed the Guo State and occupied the land of kuhan, which blocked the eastward passage of Qin State and prevented the Qin state from going out to the Central Plains. It was the long-term plan of the Qin people to march into the Central Plains. In the thirtieth year of Duke Lu's reign, Qin Jin allied forces besieged Zheng. Zheng Guozhu met Duke mu of Qin on the night of the candle, alienated the relationship between Qin and Jin. Qin and Zheng made a friendly alliance and retreated, leaving Qi Zi, Fu sun and Yang sun to help Zheng defend. When Duke Wen of Jin saw Qin retreating, he withdrew and returned home.
In the 32nd year of Duke Lu's reign, Qizi, who helped Zheng garrison, sent someone to report to Duke Qin, saying: Zheng people let him take charge of the key to the north gate. If Qin quietly sent troops to attack, Zheng could seize it.
Qin Mu Gong was very interested, so he discussed with the famous Jian Shu and bailixi. Uncle Jian firmly opposed it. He thought that long-distance March could not be kept secret and expedition would not win. And when you cross the valley, you will be attacked by Jin people. Qin Mu Gong did not listen and sent Meng Mingshi, Xi Qishu and Bai Yibing to attack Zheng.
When the army of the state of Qin went to the state of Hua (now Gongxian County, Henan Province), they met Xian Gao, a businessman of the state of Zheng who went to the Zhou Dynasty to do cattle business. In this emergency, while pretending to be an envoy sent by Zheng to comfort the Qin army, he presented 4 pieces of cowhide and 12 heads of cattle to the chief General Meng Mingshi, and sent someone to quickly return home to report. Meng Mingshi and others really thought that Xiangao was an envoy sent by the state of Zheng. They thought that the Zheng people knew that the Qin army was coming, and they could not attack the state of Zheng, because they knew that the Qin army was coming. They could not attack the state of Zheng, and they had no backup. So they destroyed the state of Hua and returned to the army.
When Qin army moved eastward, Duke Wen of Jin died and Duke Xiang of Jin ascended the throne. The marshal of the Chinese Army called for the Qin army to attack them on the way back. So he united with Jiang Rong and set up an ambush in the valley. When the Qin army arrived at the ambush circle of the Jin army, it was suddenly attacked, resulting in the annihilation of the whole army. Meng Mingshi and other three generals were captured alive. Wen Ying, the wife of Duke Wen of Jin, is the daughter of Duke mu of Qin. She asked Duke Xiang of Jin to release the three generals and let them return to Qin to be punished so as not to affect the relations between the two countries. The three Qin generals had to get away and return to Qin.
Wearing white clothes, Duke mu of Qin went to the outskirts to meet the three generals, made self-criticism to them, took the responsibility for the failure, and still appointed Meng Mingshi to preside over military and political affairs. Meng Mingshi tried his best to govern and support the people and was ready to avenge the Jin Dynasty. In the third year of Xianggong reign of Jin Dynasty (625 BC), Meng Mingshi's generals attacked Jin. Jin first attacked Qin and fought in pengya. Qin army was defeated. In the winter of the same year, Jin led the soldiers of song, Chen and Zheng to attack Qin and capture Wang and Peng ya. Qin Mugong still used Meng Mingshi.
In the fourth year of Xianggong reign of Jin Dynasty (624 BC), the Qin army "burned the boat across the river" and tried to get revenge. Qin Mugong led his army to capture the suburbs of Jin (now Wenxi, Shanxi) and wangguan (now Wenxi, Shanxi). Then he crossed the Yellow River from Maojin (now maojindu, Pinglu County, Shanxi) and entered the valley to bury the bones of the soldiers who died in the war. Qin Mugong made a speech of deep remorse. This speech is the chapter of Qin Shi in the book of history. Qin Mu Gong then led his army back to his country. Because the road to the east of Qin was blocked by Jin, it could not go further to the East in the spring and Autumn period.
Three victories in the first battle
Just when Duke Xianggong of Jin was still mourning for his father, Duke mu of Qin was ready to move. After the death of Duke Wen of Jin, the allies of Duke Wen of Jin were all mourning for the overlord. Duke mu of Qin, the most praiseworthy "good friend of Qin and Jin", had no expression of pain. Qin Mu, who has great talent and strategy, is generally recognized as the leader of the princes except Jin Wengong. Unfortunately, after the death of Jin Wengong, his Son Jin Xianggong took over smoothly, and did not give Qin Mugong any chance.
In this year, Qin Mu Gong did not listen to the dissuasion of bailixi, Jianshu and other good officials, but went his own way and ordered Meng Mingshi to lead the Qin army in a thousand li expedition to Zheng. The state of Zheng made preparations early, but the plot of the Qin army failed to succeed. Meng Ming went back empty handed, which was harmful to the national system, so he killed the slippery country along the way. He returned home in a mighty way after he thought he had achieved great success.
Jin learned that the Qin army had defeated Zheng Weike and was retreating. At the cabinet meeting held by the Duke of Jin and Xianggong, the marshal of the Chinese army made a speech: the friendship between Qin and Jin is over, our former monarch is dead, but the people of the state of Qin attack and destroy our subsidiary country, and Xianfu strongly demands that the Qin army be completely destroyed. However, Luan Zhi, a veteran and staunch man, considered the dilemma that the state of Jin might face when it was confronted with the enemy. In the end, Luan Zhi couldn't resist Xianfu. Duke Xiang of Jin obeyed him and ordered him to take full charge of the suppression of Qin.
In April, when the army of Qin state entered the valley, Xianfu, who had been in ambush, ordered the whole army to encircle the Qin army and carry out the first annihilation war against the Qin army in Chinese history. After a day of fierce fighting, the Qin army lost its fighting spirit, the whole army was destroyed, and the valley of Gushan was covered with corpses. All the three main generals of the Qin army were captured. This battle was regarded by historians as the end of "the friendship between Qin and Jin". After this battle, Qin completely lost the capital to fight for hegemony with Jin.
In August of the same year, before the battle was over, Xianfu decided to give Baizhai people a heavy hammer. The two sides had a decisive battle in Jidi, which resulted in the defeat of Zhai army. Moreover, Jiaque, who was recommended by Xu Chen, still captured the monarch of Zhai people in the battle.
After this war, Zhai people didn't slow down for many years. This big victory was the second gift given by Xianfu to the Duke of Jin Xianggong, and also the last war in his life. Xianfu, who was invincible all over the world, rode into Zhai's camp without armor and weapons, and died for his country!
In the winter of 627 B.C., King Cheng of Chu was unwilling to hand over the hegemony to the state of Jin. Taking advantage of the new death of Duke Wen of Jin, he sent out an army to conquer the state of Chen and CAI and attack the state of Zheng.
Duke Xianggong of Jin responded quickly: he ordered his doctor Yang Chufu to attack the state of CAI, and zishang led the army to save CAI. The two armies met in Jishui. Yang Chu's father told his son: "we're here to fight, not to dally. It's not a result of our constant confrontation. If you have the guts to come over, we will fight immediately; or you can step back and let me fight. How's it going? " The counselor of zishang said, "we can't go there. The people of Jin are not trustworthy. What if they wait for half of us to go there and fight? Let's go back and let them come. " So the Chu army retreated a little, and the cunning Yang Chufu asked the soldiers to shout, "Chu army, run away! The Chu army is running away Then he went back to hand over his duties, and the Chu army also went back. Zishang was framed by Xiong Shangchen, the crown prince of the state of Chu, who said that he had collaborated with the enemy to betray his country. King Cheng of Chu killed zishang angrily. The people of Jin once again won over Chu in the competition of talent and reputation.
Only in the first year of Xianggong's reign, the people of Jin faced three strong enemies: Qin, Zhai and Chu. They won all three battles. Compared with the achievements of Wengong's time, the people of Jin were more confident, and their overlord was more powerful than his father.
The foundation of stepfather
In the battle of Jizhi, Xianfu died, and his son xianqiju succeeded him as the marshal of the Chinese army. In the Wengong era, the three giants "Wengong, Huyan and Xianfu" all died, and the state of Jin officially entered the Xianggong era. "Xianggong, zhaoshuai and xianqiju" formed a new ruling structure, that is, Xianggong sat in the court, zhaoshuai was in power, xianqiju was in charge of military affairs, and Zhuqing assisted. Moreover, these three figures are all famous sages in the spring and Autumn period history, and their personalities are more moderate and magnanimous than those of Jin Wengong group. The emergence of such a ruling class in the second generation of the state of Jin is indeed a blessing for the people of the state of Jin. It is no wonder that the hegemony of the state of Jin can continue, rather than the story of Zheng and Qi.
After his death, the six generals of Jin state were basically as follows:
This lineup became the group of Jin Xianggong to take over the Central Plains.
Take over the Central Plains
On the premise of stabilizing the situation, Duke Xiang of Jin sought for a new opponent. He chose Wei state, which was located in the Central Plains. The reason was that Duke Cheng of Wei did not come to the court to see Jin State and was impolite to the overlord.
In the second year of emperor Xianggong of Jin Dynasty (626 BC), Emperor Xianggong of Jin Dynasty marched to the Wei kingdom with his own soldiers. He went to the place of the Zhou royal family, where the Chinese army Zuoxian lived. He reminded him that the Wei Kingdom did not worship the Jin Kingdom, so we had to attack him. Now we do not worship the emperor of Zhou. I'm afraid it's hard to block the mouth of the world! I'll come to war, but you'd better see me
Chinese PinYin : Jin Xiang Gong
Duke Xianggong of Jin Dynasty