Wenhou of Jin
Marquis Wen of Jin (805-746 BC), surnamed Ji and named Qiu, is the son of marquis mu of Jin and the elder brother of Uncle Huan of Qu wo. He was the eleventh monarch of Jin from the end of Western Zhou Dynasty to the beginning of spring and Autumn period. He was in power from 780-746 BC.
In 785 BC, marquis mu of Jin died. His uncle, uncle Shang, usurped the throne. Marquis Wen of Jin fled to other vassal states for refuge. In 781 BC, marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty regained the throne by force.
Marquis Wen of Jin is an outstanding monarch in the history of Jin. He assisted King Ping of Zhou to move eastward and killed King Dai of Zhou. He made great contribution to the stability of the situation in the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, so he was deeply relied on by King Ping of Zhou.
In 746 BC, marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty died and was buried in the tomb of marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty in the south of Beizhao village, Quwo County, Shanxi Province. After the death of marquis Wen of Jin, his son Bo succeeded to the throne as Marquis Zhao of Jin.
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Life of the characters
Named Qiu
Marquis Wen of Jin, surnamed Ji, named Qiu, is the son of marquis mu of Jin, and his mother, Jiang, is the daughter of the clan of Qi. In the fourth year of marquis mu of Jin Dynasty (808 BC), marquis mu of Jin married the Jiang family as his wife. In the seventh year of marquis mu of Jin Dynasty (805 BC), the Jiang family was pregnant. Marquis mu of Jin received an order from King Xuan of Zhou to lead his army to fight against Tiao Rong. Unexpectedly, the Jin army was defeated. Marquis mu of Jin was deeply ashamed of this battle. At this time, the Jiang family gave birth to their first son. Marquis mu of Jin named his son Qiu and made him the crown prince to show his shame of not forgetting Tiao Rong.
Regaining the throne
In 785 BC, marquis mu of Jin died. According to the etiquette system, after the death of marquis mu of Jin, it should be prince Qiu to ascend the throne. Unexpectedly, the younger brother of marquis mu of Jin usurped the throne and became the monarch, which is called Uncle Shang of Jin in history. Prince Qiu had to flee to other vassal states for refuge. In the fourth year of Jin Shang Shu (781 BC), Prince Qiu led his disciples to attack Jin Shang Shu and seize the throne.
Wen Hou Qin Wang
At that time, the Western Zhou Dynasty was in turmoil. The licentious king of Zhou abandoned the crown prince Ji Yijiu and made Ji Bofu, the son of Bao Si, the crown prince. Ji Yijiu fled to the kingdom of Shen and went to his grandfather, the king of the kingdom of Shen. In 771 B.C., Shenhou united with gourong to capture the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), killing king you and Ji Bofu. Later, the princes supported Ji Yijiu as king, which was king Ping of Zhou Dynasty. At this time, Guo Shifu, the Yudang of king you of Zhou, supported another son of king you of Zhou, Ji Yuchen (the brother of king you of Zhou), who was called king you of Zhou in history. King Ping of Zhou and King Dai of Zhou were called kings respectively. In the Zhou Dynasty, two kings stood side by side. After several wars, the capital of Haojing was already dilapidated, and the Zhou royal family could no longer establish a capital in Guanzhong, so King Ping of Zhou decided to move the capital to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province). But at this time, the royal power was too weak to complete the move alone. At this critical juncture, marquis Wen of Jin, together with Duke Wu of Zheng and Duke Xiang of Qin, worked together to defend King Ping of Zhou to complete his eastward migration. In the 21st year of Wenhou of Jin Dynasty (760 BC), Wenhou of Jin Dynasty killed the king of Zhou, ending the ten-year coexistence of the two kings of the Zhou royal family and stabilizing the situation in the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Assist the Emperor
Like Zhou GongDan at the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty made great contributions to the reconstruction of Zhou Dynasty. In order to praise the merit of marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty, King Ping wrote the article "the order of marquis Wen", and gave Marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty "one GUI; one Tong bow, one Tong arrow, one Lu bow, one Lu arrow, one hundred horses". He praised Marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty as a person who helped him settle down in the throne, and encouraged Marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty to assist the royal family, inherit the virtues of the ancestors, and manage himself as well as the sages of King Wen and King Wu of Zhou Dynasty My country. In the history of Jin State, there were only three people who could get such a reward from the king of Zhou. One was Tang Shuyu, the second was the Marquis of Jin Wen, and the third was the Duke of Jin Wen. Therefore, it is the prince Wen of Zhou who decides the fate of his son. Later, marquis Wen of Jin expanded the territory of Jin in Fenshui Valley, and was recognized by King Ping of Zhou. In 746 BC, Marquis Wenhou died and was buried in the tomb of Marquis Wenhou in the south of Beizhao village, Quwo County, Shanxi Province. After the death of marquis Wen of Jin, his son Bo succeeded to the throne as Marquis Zhao of Jin.
Political initiatives
Marquis Wenhou of Jin was an outstanding monarch in the history of Jin for 35 years. During the reign of marquis Wen of Jin, the state of Jin rose rapidly, with the first peak of development in its history, which laid a solid foundation for the state of Jin to dominate the Central Plains in the future. The monarchs of Jin State always use "following Wen Shaowu" from Mian, "Wen" refers to the Marquis Wen of Jin. They regard him as an example, which is enough to see the important historical position of marquis Wen of Jin State.
Historical evaluation
Shu Zhan: "the brothers of Jin and Zheng, my former monarch, Duke Wu, and Marquis Wen of Jin, worked together as one, and supported King Ping in the Zhou Dynasty. King Ping worked hard and gave him a pledge, saying," the Prime Minister of the world will rise. " If you have heaven, you can be said to have great heaven. If you use Qianxun, you can be said to have the merit of Wenhou and the career of Wugong. " Zuo Qiuming: "at the end of King Ping, the dynasties of Qin, Jin, Qi and Chu flourished, Qin Jing and Xiang took the land of Zhou, the Marquis Wen of Jin decided the emperor, Qi Zhuang and Yu Xiao Bo, and Chu Yu Mao started PU." Liu Bei: "the Zhou Dynasty supervised the second generation, and built all the concubines, which really depended on the blessing of the Jin and Zheng dynasties." Wang Baoming said: "in the past, LV Wangyi, Zuo Shengjun, still enjoyed the life of four shoes; after Wen Hou's contribution and peace, he still carried the tin of two bows." In Sima Zhen's Shi Ji Suo Yin: "although Wen Hou is heir, Qu Wo is stronger and stronger."
Historical records
Historical records Vol.39 Jin family No.9
Family members
parent
Father: Marquis mu of Jin; mother: Jiang (woman of Qi State)
younger brother
Uncle Qu Wohuan
wife
His wife, Jinjiang, once assisted Marquis Wen of Jin Dynasty.
Son
Zhao Hou of Jin
Chinese PinYin : Jin Wen Hou
Wenhou of Jin