Shangsi Festival (Shangsi Jie)

In ancient times, Shangsi festival was the day of "Yi Yi", and there was the custom of holding an ominous sacrifice on the waterfront. Shangsi Festival has a long history and lack of records. The word "Shangsi" was first included in the literary works of the Han Dynasty. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Shangsi festival was changed to March 3, and gradually became a festival for drinking and feasting by the water and spring outing in the suburbs.

It is said that Shangsi festival originated from LAN Tang's Witchcraft activities to ward off evil spirits. When Lantang bathing becomes a kind of magic to ward off evil spirits, this bathing activity must be organized and led by a full-time witch.

Shangsi festival originated from the witchcraft activity of LAN Tang to ward off evil spirits. In this activity, orchids are used as spiritual objects. Orchid has the characteristic of striking aroma. The ancients had to fast before holding major sacrificial ceremonies, including the best bathing method at that time - Orchid soup bathing. LAN Tang is used for bathing. The only difference is that Lan Tang bathing is a personal behavior, which is mostly indoors and can be implemented at any time. Yi is a collective activity, which must be held on the riverside and must be held regularly.

Another view is that Shangsi festival originated from the reproductive worship of ancestors. For example, Tao Siyan pointed out that the activity of "Yi Yi" is originally a belief behavior of men and women having a happy spring day and women praying for pregnancy, while bathing with orchids or aromatic herbs is a function of arousing desire. Water is a mysterious sentient substance. Women near the river not only want to wash away the dust in winter, but also hope to get pregnant and have children by touching water. This belief of near water colonization, which is related to primitive religion, should be the real reason for the customs of the last day of March (a probe into customs).

Others believe that Shangsi festival originated from the festival to commemorate the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan. It is said that March 3 is the birthday of the Yellow Emperor. There is a saying in the central plains that "on February 2, the Dragon rises; on March 3, the Xuanyuan is born".

Shangsi Festival has a long history. In ancient times, it has become a large-scale folk festival. In spring and Jingming, people go out of their homes and gather by the water to hold an ominous elimination ceremony. "Shangsi" was first included in the literature of the early Han Dynasty. "Zhou Li" Zheng Xuan's note: "when I was old, I got rid of it. Now in March, it's like water." Shangsi Festival is the most important festival in the ancient activities of "removing the riverside bath". "The Analects of Confucius": "in late spring, spring clothes are completed, five or six people are crowned, and six or seven children are bathed in Yi, the wind dances in rain, and return home with chants." It is written about the situation of Yi at that time. Yi is to go to the waterfront to wash, remove the dirt, and take away the disaster and bad luck. It has the meaning of praying. "The book of the later Han Dynasty": "it is the last day of the month, and the officials and people are all clean on the East flowing water. It is said that washing and washing, removing the sleeping dirt, is great cleanliness". The article says that it is a custom to clean the body with running water and let disasters and diseases go with the water.

After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, due to the trend of advocating nature and indulging in mountains and rivers in the society at that time, the significance of eliminating the last festival was greatly weakened for people, and the meaning of enjoying tourism in the spring became more and more strong. The Western Jin Dynasty's "Xia Zhong Yu biezhuan" describes Luoyang in the past as "the male is Zhu Fuyao, the female is Jinqi charming and rotten". The date of Shangsi Festival is set on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Shangsi festival gradually evolved into a festival for royal families, nobles, ministers and scholars to feast on the water, which derived another important custom of Shangsi Festival - Qushui flowing wine, that is, drinking.

By the Tang Dynasty, Shang had become one of the grand festivals at that time. The content of the festival is mainly spring outings, outings and banquets near the water, in addition to the cultivation. Song Wu Zimu wrote in menglianglu Volume II: "the Tang Dynasty gave banquets to Qujiang and poured all the capital into drinking for outing", which is exactly the scene of men, women, young and old in Chang'an City, feasting and outing on the Bank of Qujiang on that day. Du Fu's "a trip of beauties" also describes this grand occasion: "the weather is new on March 3, and there are many beauties by the water in Chang'an..." Bai Juyi, a poet of the middle Tang Dynasty, also recorded the grand event in detail in his article "a banquet of thanking Qujiang on March 3".

After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival on March 3 suddenly disappeared in the north and was not recorded in the literature, but it still spread in the southwest of the south.

Preface to Lanting anthology written by Wang Xizhi is an activity in which literati and refined scholars engage in. "At the beginning of late spring, I will be at the Orchid Pavilion in the shade of Kuaiji mountain to fix the matter." With the elegant precedent of the scholar saint, March 3, a good day for officials and people to play, has become a good opportunity for poets to write poems. In March, Volume III of Wu Zimu's dream Liang Lu, it is said: "on the third day of March, the story of Qushui flowing the wine cup began in the Jin Dynasty. (that is to say, Wang Xizhi wrote the preface to the Lanting Collection). The Tang Dynasty gave a banquet to Qujiang and poured the capital (the whole city went out, what a big scene) to drink for an outing." There are countless poems describing the grand occasion of March 3. In the later stage, people can often use orchid to wash themselves, or use wicker to nod or flower petal water to pray.

Zhang Hua of Jin Dynasty

"Garden meeting after March 3, the sixth year of Taikang"

On the first day of late spring, Yang is clear and bright,

Qi Gan Yu, Gao Ze Liu Ying.

Xi Xiangfeng, qi stagnation and different birth,

Birds soar and flowers flourish.

Liang Chaoshen

"March 3, lead you into a chapter"

Liri belongs to Yuansi,

Nian Fangju is in Sri Lanka,

Flowering trees,

The branches are covered with flowing noise.

General manager Chen Chaojiang

Three day banquet Xuanyou hall Qushui poem

Shangsi entertainment Spring Festival. Fang Chenxi leaves the moon.

Beigong ordered Xiao and drum. The South Pavilion is decorated with banners.

Embroidered pillar Qingfei Pavilion. Diao Xuan is next to Quchi.

Drunken fish sink far away. Floating jujube ripples and clear ripples.

The shadow of falling flowers. Flying silk doesn't hinder the branch.

The tree moves and Dan comes out of the building. The mountain is inclined and the green Deng is dangerous.

Salute Zhou Yujue again and again. Happy time moves.

Wang Wei Tang

"Banquet service system in Qujiang on March 3"

Ten thousand people take a private sacrifice, and thousands of officials like to travel to Henan. Fengying flows from the upper court to the middle.

The grass and trees are connected to the Wei, and the mountains and rivers are connected to the mian Diao. Draw flags and shake Pu and Xu, and fill Tingzhou in spring.

Under the Immortal Dragon medium, the God Gao Feng stayed. Long live billion from now on, Tianbao Ji spring and autumn.

"Fenghe holy system and the response of the crown prince and the kings to the dragon pond spring on March 3"

The story is about the Spring Festival, and the new palace shows a tour of Henan. The emperor of the Ming Dynasty moved the Phoenix chariot and the prince came out of the Dragon Tower.

Fu covers the work of King Chen, and the cup is like Luo water. The golden man came to hold the sword, painted the babbler and went back to the boat.

Yuanshufu palace que, Tianchi according to Miandiao. Chen Zhang is on the cloud table, hanging like a man Huangzhou.

Banquet service system of qinzheng building on March 3

The colorful battles were joined overnight, and the Qionglou brushed the dawn. In March, the palace is full of flowers.

Not counting the days of King Qin, who will share Luoshui with him. The spring wind is too timid to dance with wine.

Heaven's protection has no virtue, and people don't like war merit. It is still at the Jiuqu banquet and reaches the four door wisdom.

"The holy system of offering harmony" has been observed in the Wangchun Pavilion, and the drinking should be made

Changle qingmenwai, east of Yichun Xiaoyuan. The building opens on ten thousand wells, and the chariot passes among hundreds of flowers.

The painted babbler moves the fairy prostitute, and the golden sable is listed as the Duke. The song invites the sunset and the wonderful dance to the spring breeze.

The Weishui river flows into qindian in the Ming Dynasty, and the Huangshan Mountain enters the Han Palace. When the king comes to the temple, Ba Chan is also the emperor.

"Poetry of Zheng Feng and Qin Yu"

Qin and Yu, Fang Huan Huan Xi.

Scholars and women, Fang Bingxi.

Women's day view? The scholar said that both and. And look at it?

In addition, Xuxu is happy.

Weishi and female, Yiqi banter each other and give them a spoon of medicine.

Qin and Yu, Liu its clear.

Scholars and women, Yin Qiying.

Women's day view? The scholar said both. And look at it?

In addition, Xuxu is happy.

Weishi and female, Yiqi will banter and give them a spoon of medicine.

In the Analects of Confucius, "bathing in Yi, wind in rain, singing and returning" is the custom of Shangsi. "Zhou Li, spring official, witch": "when the witch's palm is old, she will remove the defiant bath." Zheng Xuan's note: "when I was old, I was wiped out. Now it's already on March, such as on water. A defiant bath is a bath with aromatic herbs." There is a vivid description in the songs of Chu that sacrificing gods must fast, fasting must bathe, and bathing uses orchid soup. Therefore, orchid soup and orchid grass are connected with the gods. "The book of the later Han Dynasty: etiquette": "it is the last day of the month, and the officials and people are clean (clean) on the East water. It is said to wash and remove the dirt and make it a big one." "Zhou Li" Zheng Xuan's note: "when I was old, I was wiped out. Now in March, it is like water.". In addition, the Shangsi Festival on March 3 corresponds to the Double Ninth Festival in September. Just as Liu Xin of the Han Dynasty said in the miscellany of Xijing: "Shangsi in March and Double Ninth Festival in September are the games of maidens, so they ascend." One in the late spring and one in the late autumn, the outing and leaving the youth also reached a climax. "Song Shu Li Zhi II" quoted "Han Shi" as saying: "the custom of Zheng State, which is already in March, attracts the soul and continues the soul, grasps orchids and grass, and blows ominous."