Yangko (GuZi Yangko)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Yangko (GuZi Yangko)

Applicant: Shanghe County, Shandong Province

Project No.: 105

Project No.: Ⅲ - 2

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Shandong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Shanghe County, Shandong Province

Protection unit: Shanghe Cultural Center

Introduction to Yangko (GuZi Yangko)

Applicant: Shanghe County, Shandong Province

Yangko is a kind of popular and representative folk dance in China (mainly in the North). There are different appellations and styles in different regions. In the folk, the appellation of Yangko can be divided into two kinds: those who walk on stilts are called "stilt Yangko", while those who don't walk on stilts are called "ground Yangko". In modern times, "Yangko" mostly refers to "diyangko". Yangko has a long history. Among the folk dance teams introduced by Zhou Mi in old stories of Wulin in the Southern Song Dynasty, there is a record of "cuntian music". In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Xilin's new year's miscellaneous chants, there is a clear record of the relationship between the existing Yangko and "cuntian music" in the Song Dynasty. At present, yangko dance teams are the main form of yangko dance in various places. The number of dance teams is less than ten, and more than 100. There are not only group dance, but also duet dance, three person dance and other forms of performance. According to the needs of the characters, they hold the corresponding handkerchief, umbrella, stick, drum, money whip and other props, and dance heartily with the accompaniment of percussion instruments such as gongs and drums, suona and so on. The dance methods, movements and styles of Yangko vary from place to place. Some of them are powerful and powerful, while others are soft and beautiful.

Yangko is one of the most representative folk dances in northern China. It is not only performing, but also entertaining. It is deeply loved by the common people. There have been some representative folk Yangko artists all over the country, and many folk artists have played an important role in the construction of new China's dance industry. With the rapid development of rural economy and the change of cultural environment, there are few folk artists who can master the traditional Yangko skills and pure dance style, so the protection and inheritance work needs to be carried out urgently.

GuZi Yangko is one of the three major Yangko in Shandong Province, which is distributed in Shanghe area of Lubei plain. GuZi Yangko originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, became famous in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. According to the local famous old artists, during the Northern Song Dynasty, Shanghe area was hit by disasters year after year. Lord Bao came here from Henan to release grain to relieve the victims, and his subordinates taught the local people the GuZi Yangko. Later, every Spring Festival, people began to run Yangko to show their gratitude to Baogong. It has been handed down to this day and become a common custom.

GuZi Yangko is popular among the people in Shanghe, from the elderly to the children. Yangko troupes can be organized in 21 townships and more than 800 villages in the county. There are five roles in Yangko troupe, namely, umbrella head, drum, club hammer, wax flower and clown. The existing GuZi Yangko is mainly divided into two parts: "itinerary" and "running field". The "itinerary" is the dance of the dance team before marching or entering the field; the "running field" is the main body of the performance, and it is also divided into "Wen Chang" and "Wu Chang" performed by different roles. There are more than 100 kinds of venues for GuZi Yangko performance, such as "ox nose tongs", "gouxinmei", "one street and two gates", "Liuliu Dashun", "lisiwaiba", "Bajie", "four gates". The movements of "umbrella head" are mellow, the movements of "drum son" are bold and bold, the movements of "stick hammer" are light and agile, the movements of "wax flower" are bold and generous, and the movements of shaking, rowing, squatting and jumping are common to all the characters.

GuZi Yangko has a large number of dancers, which are well-organized, complete in form, strong in dance skills, magnificent in momentum, rich in historical and cultural connotation, rich in strong flavor of the times and distinctive local characteristics. Since the founding of new China, GuZi Yangko has participated in many national folk art competitions and won many awards. In 1996, Shanghe county was awarded the title of "hometown of Chinese folk art" by the Ministry of culture. The inheritance and development of GuZi Yangko enriches the mass cultural life, inherits the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, and has high aesthetic value and research value.