Taoist music (Quanzhen Taoist music in Jiaodong)

Chinese national intangible cultural heritage Name: Taoist music (Jiaodong Quanzhen Taoist Music)

Applicant: Yantai City, Shandong Province

Item No.: 638

Project No.: Ⅱ - 139

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Shandong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Yantai City, Shandong Province

Protection unit: Yantai Cultural Center

Introduction to Taoist music (Quanzhen Taoist music in Jiaodong)

Applicant: Yantai City, Shandong Province

Taoist music, also known as "Daochang music", is the music used in Taoist religious activities. Like Taoism, it originated from the sacrificial songs and dances of ancient witches. Taoist music consists of two parts: instrumental music and vocal music. Instrumental music is mainly composed of bell, chime, drum, wooden fish, cloud Gong and other instruments, with wind, plucking, string pulling and other instruments. Vocal music is mainly composed of chanting, which is composed of Gaogong master's recitation of vows, praise of God, chanting of the table, the confession of all preachers and the chorus of all Taoists.

Jiaodong Quanzhen Taoist music was born in the Yuan Dynasty with a history of more than 800 years. In terms of musical performance, the instrumental music composed of four kinds of palace tunes handed down by Zhu Xiangkun, a Taoist of Yangzhu temple in Yantai, is the most complete in terms of tradition, technology, quantity and standard.

According to the survey, the musical instruments used by Jiaodong Quanzhen Taoist band now include Guanzi, Sheng, flute, Yungong, Dang, Xiaocheng and handdrum. They are mainly performed in ensemble, while solo is relatively rare. No examples of accompaniment for Jingyun have been found. In the process of instrumental music performance, except cymbals, drums and other loudspeakers, there are basically no temple instruments. Instrumental music is mainly played by Guanzi, followed by other instruments. The music score adopts the fixed roll method of song folk character score and gongchi score. The board used includes scattered board, Adagio, medium board or andante, Allegro, flowing board, etc. the music form is mainly reflected in the form of divertimento. In the divertimento composed of several pieces of music, each piece of music can also be played independently, but the whole set is crowned with the head and tail, which forms the speed program of scattered slow medium fast or urgent. Performance often uses the tone on the word, B-tone, goufan tune, rely on any tune, known as the "four major Tunes". Jiaodong Quanzhen Taoist music has absorbed many elements such as ancient traditional repertoire, Jiaodong folk songs, local operas and so on, thus forming a unique artistic style. His representative works include praise of the three religions, praise of the eight immortals and six sentences.

Jiaodong Quanzhen Taoist music had a great influence on the development of Jiaodong rap music and literati music. It plays an important role in the study of Chinese music history and ethnomusicology. In particular, the form of tonggong Lianju in this music style only exists in Shandong Province. Its source is very old and can be regarded as the "living fossil" of traditional divertimento music. At present, under the impact of modern civilization, the inheritance and development of Quanzhen Taoist music in Jiaodong is in trouble, and it is urgent to take necessary protective measures.