Sheng guanyue (ten kings of Jianping)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Sheng Guan Yue

Applicant: Jianping County, Liaoning Province

Project No.: 620

Project No.: Ⅱ - 121

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Liaoning Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Jianping County, Liaoning Province

Protection unit: Jianping County modern service industry and cultural tourism service center

Introduction to Sheng guanyue (Jianping ten kings Club)

Applicant: Jianping County, Liaoning Province

Sheng pipe music is generally composed of Guan Zi, Sheng, dizi, Yunluo and other musical instruments, with drum, Nao, Gong and other percussion instruments. Guanzi, the main musical instrument, is a double reed wind instrument in ancient times. It is mostly made of wood with eight sound holes. The first seven are made of hard reed, and the second one is made of reed. The pitch is often adjusted by changing the size of the whistle. According to the length of the tube, it can be divided into three types: big, medium and small. The small tube has sharp and high pitched timbre, including a series of playing skills, such as beating, trilling, Shuan, hualingual, gliding and overtone. In the palace music and temple music of the past dynasties, Guanzi was the main musical instrument, which was called "touguan". Sheng pipe music is the most solemn and elegant music art in folk drumbeating music. It is different from the percussion music which mainly plays suona. The special charm brought by the arrangement of musical instruments makes it possible to create a quiet and quiet atmosphere for religious occasions. Therefore, it is widely used by temples and Taoist temples all over China and has become a common form of instrumental music in various primitive religious rituals.

Jianping ten kings' meeting, also known as "Shuanghui" and "Jinghui", is inherited from the performance skills of Lama band in karaqin palace. It is said that every time the Royal Palace goes to the "Prince's grave" at the foot of Longdan mountain in Jianping, Liaoning Province, it will bring a Lama band to play with it. At most, there are as many as 60 people in the band. At the beginning of the 20th century, the performance skills and repertoire of Lama band entered Jianping and were widely used in various wedding and funeral activities.

There are 12 kinds of musical instruments used in the ten kings club, including Guanzi, Sheng, flute, Xiao, Yungong, tambourine, Tanggu, xiaocymbal, dacymbal, dacymbal, Bangzhong and Banban. According to the textual research, it has a source relationship with nvzhenren's drum and flute and the music of Qing Dynasty, Sanyue and Mahou since the Liao and Song dynasties. Since the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the performance form of shiwanghui gradually merged with drum music, and was basically replaced by drum music. At present, only a few villages in Jianping County and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia have survived.

The music scores of the ten kings' meeting were all transcribed on rough paper. The characters of the music scores were the same as those of the general gongchi music scores. They were written vertically from right to left, and the right side of the music scores was dotted. According to the transcription sequence and explanation of the music score, there are six divertimento and more than 40 small brands, such as "hanging Golden Lock", "hillside sheep" and "five voice Buddha". Among the six sets, the first set is composed of spring, summer, autumn, winter and Si Lai Wei, followed by three pieces, the second set is Yan Er Luo, the third set is Xiao Gong (Gong) 1, the fourth set is Zheng Gong 1, the fifth set is e Ling Zi, and the sixth set is da Pu an mantra. In addition to gongchi notation, there are also three gongs and drums in the manuscript. The main use of the palace tune is the palace tune, occasionally also use small palace tune.

Jianping shiwanghui retains the performance form of traditional Shiyue and a large number of instruments and scores inherited from ancient times, which is of great significance to the study of the culture and music development history of Qing Dynasty. At present, this kind of ancient music is facing the danger of being lost, and it is urgent to take strong measures to promote the protection and inheritance.