Daoqing Opera (Daoqing opera in northern Shanxi)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Daoqing Opera (Daoqing opera in northern Shanxi)

Applicant: Youyu County, Shanxi Province

Project No.: 215

Project No.: Ⅳ - 71

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Shanxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Youyu County, Shanxi Province

Protection unit: Youyu County Jinbei Daoqing transmission and Study Institute

Introduction to Daoqing Opera (Daoqing opera in northern Shanxi)

Applicant: Youyu County, Shanxi Province

Daoqing opera is a popular folk opera in the Yellow River Valley in China. It originated from the "Jingyun" sung by Taoists in the Tang Dynasty, and developed into a form of white quyi, Daoqing Gucci, in the Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, rap and Daoqing, which was popular in northern Shanxi, was put on the stage of opera, becoming a popular opera variety among local audiences. Before and after Daoqing in northern Shanxi appeared on the stage of opera, Linxian Daoqing, which was popular in Western Shanxi, also appeared on the stage of opera. Hongdong Daoqing, which was popular in southern Shanxi, also appeared on the stage twice in Xianfeng and Xuantong years, but failed to continue. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Daoqing plays such as Hedong Daoqing in Jinnan, Shanxi, Zhoukou Daoqing in Henan and Languan opera in Shandong have developed into stage plays.

The early plays of Daoqing mainly reflected the life of Taoism and preached the doctrines of Taoism, such as jingtanghui, erlinying, gaolouzhuang, etc. In the middle stage, most of the plays are stories of Taoist cultivation and good advice, and the representative plays are Wang Xiang lying on ice, Guo Ju burying her son, Xiao Tao grinding, etc. The contents of the plays in the middle and later periods reflect the stories of folk life, and the representative plays include "changing wives between the old and the young", "beating kitchen king", "ceiling lamp", "striking knife" and so on. There are singing tunes in Daoqing operas all over the country. Daoqing opera in northern Shanxi includes playing children, Xijiang moon, and langtaosha. Daoqing opera in Linxian county includes seven character tune, cross tune, Zhongnan tune, luotousha, Yizhimei, taipingnian, and yanzifei. The accompaniment musical instruments of Daoqing opera are dizi, Sihu, dabanhu and xiaobanhu. Except for Yugu and Jianban, other musical instruments in Wuchang are the same as Bangzi. The roles are divided into five elements: Xusheng (Xusheng), Hei (Jingjiao), Sheng (Sheng), Dan (Dan), Chou (Chou).

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, professional Daoqing troupes were established in Yingxian and Linxian counties of Shanxi Province, which further improved and promoted the singing art of Daoqing. After the 1980s, the competition in various forms of art and entertainment has intensified. Daoqing opera has been greatly impacted. There are fewer and fewer amateur folk performances, and professional troupes are in urgent need of rescue and protection.

Daoqing opera in northern Shanxi is popular in more than 20 counties in northern Shanxi, Southern Inner Mongolia, eastern Northern Shaanxi and northwestern Hebei. It is divided into three art schools: Shenchi, Daixian and Yingxian. Daoqing music entered northern Shanxi around the Jin Dynasty. It was widely used among the people in the form of Qupai style rap, mainly singing Taoist stories and propagating doctrines. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, he moved onto the stage and narrated stories in the form of spokesmen, which touched social life extensively. Its music system is mainly composed of Qupai continuum, which also absorbs the music elements of Beilu Bangzi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were many professional classes and famous artists, which was a period of vigorous rise and rapid development. Famous professional troupes include Yang Yizi troupe and Wu Weizhou troupe. Famous artists include Li aigeda and Shi liu18.

The representative dramas of Daoqing in northern Shanxi are mainly religious stories and good advice stories, such as the complete picture of Han Xiangzi becoming a monk, Zhuang zhoumeng, Guo Ju burying his son, etc., and some life plays and transplanted dramas, such as the old and young changing their wives, the eight righteousness picture, etc. It is said that there are 72 major tunes and several minor tunes in his singing tune. Today, there are 13 kinds of 96 tunes, such as Dahongpao and zaoluopao. Its accompaniment musical instruments include dizi, Sihu, etc. in Wenchang, and fishing drum, simplified board, single drum, big gong, etc. in Wuchang. The performance pays more attention to writing than to martial arts, and more attention to singing than to doing. They were all actors, and actresses appeared on the stage after the founding of the people's Republic of China.

Daoqing in northern Shanxi is the epitome of Daoqing in northern China. It is a living fossil to study folk religious music and drama. It has high academic value, artistic value and historical value. At present, only one troupe in Youyu County of Daoqing in northern Shanxi is struggling to survive. Its survival and development are facing a very serious situation, and it is almost dying out.