Haiyanghaozi (changdaoyu)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: haiyanghaozi (changdaoyu)

Applicant: Changdao County, Shandong Province

Item No.: 596

Project No.: Ⅱ - 97

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Shandong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Changdao County, Shandong Province

Protected by: cultural relics service center of Changdao Comprehensive Experimental Zone

A brief introduction to ocean horn (changdaoyu)

Applicant: Changdao County, Shandong Province

Haozi is an important type of Chinese folk songs. It comes from physical labor, directly serves for production activities, and truly reflects the working conditions and the mental outlook of producers. At first, it was just a natural call for labor, and then gradually beautified into a singing tune, with the art form of singing.

Ocean chant is one of many chants, mainly spread in coastal areas. It takes marine labor as its main content, usually including rowing, pole supporting, back fiber, canopy pulling, anchor lifting, net pulling and other song styles. The singers are mostly fishermen specialized in fishing and sailing.

Changdao, also known as "Miaodao Archipelago", runs through the Bohai Strait and is located at the intersection of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. Changdao County belongs to Yantai city and is the only island county in Shandong Province. Long island fishing originated from Tuoji Island, which has a history of more than 300 years. In the era of sailing by sails, Changdao Yuhao became a fishing order for marine production, which was widely popular in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea.

Changdao fishing number can be divided into eight main types: net number, vertical mast number, rowing number, Zhangpeng number, Facai number (tingba number), in addition to anchor picking number and tugboat number. All of them have no libretto, but mainly function words. Although there are libretto in some places, it can not reflect the complete content.

The words and sentences of Long Island fishing horn are simple, the intonation is bold and bold, firm and optimistic, and it is expressed by shouting, shouting, leading and singing, without any musical instrument accompaniment. The leader of a fishing boat is commonly known as "Bugao tou". Generally, he is an experienced person who breaks into the sea. When he receives a fishing boat, he is light, heavy, long and short, intermittent or urgent, which should be consistent with the rhythm of labor. Local fishermen regard the fishing order as a military order. They are very serious when they make the order. The beginning of the sentence should be in harmony with the end of the sentence. They should strictly cooperate with the tone and mood of the number. They should make timely and coordinated answers. During the whole singing process of the long island fishing horn, the leader is confident and dignified. He and the others work together and unite as one. One leader, one harmony, one call, one response, interval octave jump, the first sentence and the last sentence bite tightly, showing the momentum of the Dragon making trouble in the sea, making people fully realize the cohesion, centripetal force and authoritative appeal of the fishing horn. Changdao fishing boat is an outstanding folk art created by local fishermen in the process of long-term marine labor. It embodies the characteristics of marine culture in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea region, and has the research value of folklore and sociology. Long island fishing boat is popular among local fishermen and has a wide influence.

At present, the change of social production mode and the death of a large number of old fishermen have led to a serious crisis in the inheritance and development of Long Island fishing boat. This valuable marine folk art has almost disappeared, so it is urgent to rescue and protect it.