Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Daolang Muqam)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Daolang Muqam)

Applicant: Maigaiti County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Project No.: 101

Project No.: Ⅱ - 70

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Applicant: Maigaiti County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Protected by: Maigaiti County Cultural Center

Introduction to Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Daolang Muqam)

Applicant: Maigaiti County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art is a large-scale comprehensive art form integrating song, dance and pleasure. It is mainly distributed in the Uygur inhabited areas of southern, northern and eastern Xinjiang, and also widely spread in Urumqi and other large, medium and small towns.

Uighur Muqam art originated from folk culture and developed in the palaces and official residences of oasis city states. Through integration and development, it has formed an artistic style of diversity, comprehensiveness, integrity, improvisation and popularity, and has become an outstanding form of expression of Uighur.

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art lyrics include philosopher's admonition, Prophet's admonition, rural slang, folk stories, etc., in which there are folk songs and literati's poems, which are the vivid expression of Uygur people's mind. The music form of Uygur Muqam art is rich and diverse, with a variety of temperament, complex modes, beat, rhythm and combination of various accompaniment instruments, showing distinct national characteristics and strong appeal.

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art has formed the most representative twelve Muqam, Turpan Muqam, Hami Muqam and Daolang Muqam schools in the development of its cultural space.

Daolangmukam is mainly distributed in the Daolang area in the northwest of Tarim Basin, with the Yeerqiang River to Tarim River Basin as the center, especially in Maigaiti county. It is said that there were 12 sets of daolangmuqam, but now 9 sets can be collected, including "bahibaya wanmuqam", "zilbaya wanmuqam" and "qurbaya wanmuqam". Each set of daolangmukam consists of five parts: "mukaidiman", "qikettman", "sanem", "sailekes" and "selirma", which are song and dance routines with different beats and rhythms prefixed with Sanban preface. The length of each knife is about six to nine minutes, and the total length of nine sets is about one and a half hours. Daolangmukam's lyrics are all Uyghur folk songs that are widely spread in Daolang area, which fully express the happiness, anger, sadness and joy of Daolang Uyghur people. At the same time, they reflect all aspects of Uyghur social life, with rich and colorful contents, high pitched and rough tunes, and simple and sincere feelings.

Daolang Muqam is a unique folk culture in Maigaiti County, Xinjiang. It is closely related to Daolang Muqam in other places and various Uygur Muqam in Xinjiang. At the same time, it has relatively independent artistic characteristics and has high artistic value.

With the spread and integration of culture, people's memory of traditional culture is more and more indifferent. The function of Daolang Muqam in the Festival ceremony and life etiquette of Uygur people is gradually weakened, so its inheritance is in crisis. Therefore, the relevant departments must take rescue and protection measures to make its orderly inheritance.