Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Turpan Muqam)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Turpan Muqam)

Applicant: Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Project No.: 101

Project No.: Ⅱ - 70

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Applicant: Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Protected by: Shanshan County Cultural Center

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Turpan Muqam)

Applicant: Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art is a large-scale comprehensive art form integrating song, dance and pleasure. It is mainly distributed in the Uygur inhabited areas of southern, northern and eastern Xinjiang, and also widely spread in Urumqi and other large, medium and small towns.

Uighur Muqam art originated from folk culture and developed in the palaces and official residences of oasis city states. Through integration and development, it has formed an artistic style of diversity, comprehensiveness, integrity, improvisation and popularity, and has become an outstanding form of expression of Uighur.

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art lyrics include philosopher's admonition, Prophet's admonition, rural slang, folk stories, etc., in which there are folk songs and literati's poems, which are the vivid expression of Uygur people's mind. The music form of Uygur Muqam art is rich and diverse, with a variety of temperament, complex modes, beat, rhythm and combination of various accompaniment instruments, showing distinct national characteristics and strong appeal.

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art has formed the most representative twelve Muqam, Turpan Muqam, Hami Muqam and Daolang Muqam schools in the development of its cultural space.

Turpan Muqam is an important part of Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art, which is mainly spread in rukeqin Town, Shanshan County, Turpan city and Toksun county. There are 11 Turpan muqams, such as "lakmuqam" and "qieyat Muqam", which take about 10 hours to play once. Each set of Muqam consists of eight parts: "mukaidiman", "gekete", "Brazil gekete", "yalonggekete", "Jura", "sanem" and "epilogue". In addition to accompaniment, there is also the form of performance with drum music. The artistic features of Turpan Muqam, no drum, no song, no dance and no music, are the musical heritage of ancient Gaochang and Gaochang Uighur Khanate. As the crystallization of the cultural exchange of music and dance between the East and the west, Turpan Muqam records and confirms the history of communication, impact and blend between different music and dance cultures. In the Muqam of Turpan, we can see not only the factors of the music of the Central Plains and the grassland music of Mobei, but also the influence of the music of Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, North Africa and other countries and regions. Its special music rhythm, beat and system are the important foundation of the formation of Uyghur music theory system. Men of literature and writing in Turpan are mostly poems of the people of the middle ages. They also bring together the poets of the medieval literati and poets. It collects the essence of Turpan Uygur folk oral literature and the classical poetry of the historical period of gajia and rare earth, and becomes a rare cultural activity in studying the life philosophy, ethics, folklore, literature and art of the gagao people and their surrounding ethnic groups and the modern Uygur nationality. State data.

Because some of the lyrics and poems in Turpan Muqam are written in ancient Chahe language, it is difficult for the contemporary audience to understand its meaning, so its inheritance is facing difficulties.