Tujia people's daliuzi

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: daliuzi of Tujia Nationality

Applicant: Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei Province

Item No.: 85

Project No.: Ⅱ - 54

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Hubei Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei Province

Protection unit: cultural center of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County

Introduction to Tujia daliuzi

Applicant: Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei Province

The Tujia nationality's daliuzi was formed by the Tujia people's long-term hunting, logging, cultivation and other labor. It was initially called "JIAYE", commonly known as "WaiGu" and "chuliuzi". Daliuzi of Tujia Nationality in Hubei Province is mainly distributed in Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County and Hefeng County. Daliuzi of Hefeng County is mainly concentrated in most villages of tielu township of zouma Town, which was introduced from other villages more than 200 years ago.

Tujia people play daoliuzi with a combination of a drum, a gong, two pairs of cymbals and a gougong. Five musical instruments are operated by five people respectively, which is called "Wuhe class". In the local area, there is a saying that "drum one, Gong two, cymbal three, gougong is the eye of the dragon". The "drum eyes" on the surface of the drum are used to conduct the performance and arouse the music mood, which is called "Wai drum" by local people. There are more than 100 kinds of playing cards of Tujia Nationality in Hefeng. When playing, several single music cards are combined into series music with cohesive music cards and played alternately. According to the different conducting instruments, they can be divided into "Moyan gongs and drums", "Guyan gongs and drums" and so on. "Guyan gongs and drums" can also be divided into "Wenpai Guyan", "wupai Guyan" and "dianzi Guyan" according to the change and suggestive playing music cards. In the performance, a series of phrases, such as "Bo Bo Er Yin", "he Ye Er Yin", "Shu Hua" and "squeeze Hua", are composed of mandarin ducks and cymbals (i.e. head cymbals and two cymbals). Gongs and mandarin ducks and cymbals alternately weave music to maintain the main body and style of the music card, which clearly reflects the linear structure of the music card, i.e. gongs and drums classics. Drum and gongs are in line with the sound trend, playing a "finishing touch" role.

In the process of performance, musicians can make full use of the changes of speed, timbre, strength and beat to organically combine various tunes to express many vivid images and various tastes. Many tunes are named after animal dynamics, such as "Yan Ping Wing", "Phoenix flash wing", "dragon and tiger fight", "bage bath", "Yaozi turn over" and so on, which are vivid and infectious.

Tujia nationality has a long history of playing Liuzi, rich in Qupai and unique artistic style, which is closely related to the local people's living customs and has great artistic appreciation and academic research value. However, with the development of social economy, the local people's way of life is constantly updated, and the strong impact of foreign culture on local culture, the living environment of Tujia daliuzi has been out of harmony with this traditional folk art form. The prospect of inheritance and development of daliuzi is worrying, so it is urgent to take measures to protect it.