Suona Art

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: suona Art

Applicant: Zoucheng City, Shandong Province

Item No.: 68

Project No.: Ⅱ - 37

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Shandong Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Zoucheng City, Shandong Province

Protection unit: Zoucheng Cultural Center

Suona Art (Zou Chengping School of drum music) Introduction:

Applicant: Zoucheng City, Shandong Province

Suona is a transliteration of "surna" in Arabic. It was widely spread in many countries in Asia, Africa and Europe, and was introduced to China not later than the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In Chinese folk, it also has copper flute, tin flute, pear flower, sea flute and other names. In addition, the small suona used in Fujian Nanqu performance is called "Aizai" or "Nanai"; the suona used in Puxian opera accompaniment is called "Meihua" or "chubian", and the larger one is called "Dalong" or "Dahai Flute"; the all wood suona of Uygur nationality is called "surnai"; the suona of Tibetan, Miao, Mongolian, Korean and other nationalities also have different shapes.

Suona is composed of whistle, core, air disc, rod, copper bowl and other parts. It is arranged in order according to the seven sound levels according to the sound holes. The distance between each hole is basically equal. It can flip the seven tones, and the range is generally two octaves plus two degrees. Suona has many kinds of playing skills, such as glide, vomit, air arch, air top, purr, circulation (continuous blowing for a long time) and so on. It is a kind of solo instrument with strong expressive force.

Suona is one of the indispensable musical instruments in the percussion band. In ancient times, besides playing military music, it was also used for the accompaniment of Yamen drum blowing, opera, song and dance, etc. in folk daily life, it was mostly used for festivals, weddings and funerals, and drama scenes.

Pingpai drum music is a kind of folk drum music spread in Zoucheng, Shandong Province. It was formed in the late Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty. By the early years of the Republic of China, dozens of drum music classes, such as sunjiaban, zhangjiaban, dingjiaban and zhoujiaban, were active in southern Shandong and its surrounding areas. These classes spread pingpai's drumming music all over the country, expanded the influence of pingpai's drumming music, and gradually made it a unique school of drumming music.

The main playing instruments of pingpai drum music include suona, flute, Sheng, Guanzi, drum, Gong, cymbal, Muyu, Bangzi, Gaohu, erhu, Sanxian, pipa, etc. its characteristic musical instrument, suona with copper rod, is made of copper skin. The rod is about 25 cm long, the diameter of the copper bowl is about 6 cm, and the diameter of the cylinder at the bottom of the rod is about 2 cm. The whistle piece is mostly made of reed tassels that are not made in autumn Its color is loud and clear, and its clank is like the sound of metal. The range of copper suona includes two octaves, which can play flat tone, elegant tone, Yuediao, wuzidiao, Fandiao, etc. In addition to the commonly used playing techniques such as Tuyin, gliding, flower tongue, finger flower, tremolo and swallowing, tuin, cushion, beating, wiping and pressing, there are also tongue rush, air arch, rebound, anti double tuin, continuous playing, Qi lip with tremolo, finger Qi with tremolo, three string, Xiao and circulation (continuous blowing for a long time), sometimes combined with magic and acrobatic performances. The representative repertoire of pingpai's drum music is rich and colorful. The main repertoire includes crying for the Great Wall, crying for the fifth watch, jixianbin, shiyangjing, 565, chaotianzi, liuqingniang, burning grape trellis, birds and animals making spring, etc.

The style of pingpai's percussion music is gentle, gentle and delicate. It gives people the feeling of "smooth as flowing clouds and flowing water, stable as Taishan green pine". It is very popular with people because it is strange in the level, changeable in the stability, combining hardness with softness, and exciting. Pingpai drum music originates from the folk, serves the public, and is closely related to the people's living customs. It has a certain reference value in the study of the development and evolution history of folk custom in Zoucheng, Shandong Province. At present, the pingpai's old percussion artists are getting older, some old instruments used in the past are gradually replaced by modern instruments, and the traditional playing skills and Qupai are dying out. It is urgent for the government to take effective measures to rescue and protect them.