Suona Art

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: suona Art

Applicant: Yudu County, Jiangxi Province

Item No.: 68

Project No.: Ⅱ - 37

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Jiangxi Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Yudu County, Jiangxi Province

Protection unit: Yudu County Cultural Center

Introduction to suona Art

Applicant: Yudu County, Jiangxi Province

Suona is a transliteration of "surna" in Arabic. It was widely spread in many countries in Asia, Africa and Europe, and was introduced to China not later than the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In Chinese folk, it also has copper flute, tin flute, pear flower, sea flute and other names. In addition, the small suona used in Fujian Nanqu performance is called "Aizai" or "Nanai"; the suona used in Puxian opera accompaniment is called "Meihua" or "chubian", and the larger one is called "Dalong" or "Dahai Flute"; the all wood suona of Uygur nationality is called "surnai"; the suona of Tibetan, Miao, Mongolian, Korean and other nationalities also have different shapes.

Suona is composed of whistle, core, air disc, rod, copper bowl and other parts. It is arranged in order according to the seven sound levels according to the sound holes. The distance between each hole is basically equal. It can flip the seven tones, and the range is generally two octaves plus two degrees. Suona has many kinds of playing skills, such as glide, vomit, air arch, air top, purr, circulation (continuous blowing for a long time) and so on. It is a kind of solo instrument with strong expressive force.

Suona is one of the indispensable musical instruments in the percussion band. In ancient times, besides playing military music, it was also used for the accompaniment of Yamen drum blowing, opera, song and dance, etc. in folk daily life, it was mostly used for festivals, weddings and funerals, and drama scenes.

Yudu Hakka suona has been widely spread in Jiangxi Province for hundreds of years. Hakka suona playing form is mainly distributed in kuantian Township, Hefeng Town, Jingshi Township, Pangushan town and other areas of Yudu County, Jiangxi Province, and radiates to neighboring Ruijin, Huichang, Shicheng and other counties and cities. This unique playing form is widely used in folk weddings and funerals, Yuanwu birthday, temple fairs, cultural activities and other occasions.

Yudu Hakka suona is mainly played by flat drum and suona, with cymbals and horse gongs. It pays equal attention to playing in unison, playing against each other and playing against each other. It is not limited by time, venue and other conditions. The performer can sit and move easily and flexibly. Yudu Suona music has absorbed the characteristics of "lamp tune" and "tea tune" in Gannan Tea Picking Opera, which can be divided into two styles: "happy tune" and "sad tune". Suona playing pays attention to clear drum plate, combination of thick and thin, high and melodious, sound coordination, music processing mainly adopts flower adding, word subtraction, tone changing and other skills, in order to achieve the change of rhythm level.

Two different types of Suona are used to play the two kinds of Suona. The tone of "Gong" suona is deep and deep, while "Po" suona is loud and clear. The two kinds of Suona play alternately, sometimes loud and loud, sometimes full and mellow, sometimes harmonious and pleasant, sometimes euphemistic and resentful, and sometimes weeping and complaining, showing the characteristics of Hakka traditional art everywhere. There are more than 280 pieces of tunes played by my father-in-law, such as "turtle dove tune", "my father-in-law's play", "baijiangtai" and so on.

As an important representative of Hakka music culture, gongpoqi contains profound folk content and traditional accumulation, which has a very important reference value in the study of Gannan culture and ethnomusicology. Nowadays, the old artists who can play suona are no longer engaged in playing for many years. However, many young people go out to work and there is no one to inherit it. Yudu suona is on the verge of being lost, so it is urgent to protect it.