Suona Art

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: suona Art

Applicant: Zhangzi County, Shanxi Province

Item No.: 68

Project No.: Ⅱ - 37

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Shanxi Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Zhangzi County, Shanxi Province

Protection unit: cultural center of Zhangzi County

Introduction to suona Art

Applicant: Zhangzi County, Shanxi Province

Suona is a transliteration of "surna" in Arabic. It was widely spread in many countries in Asia, Africa and Europe, and was introduced to China not later than the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In Chinese folk, it also has copper flute, tin flute, pear flower, sea flute and other names. In addition, the small suona used in Fujian Nanqu performance is called "Aizai" or "Nanai"; the suona used in Puxian opera accompaniment is called "Meihua" or "chubian", and the larger one is called "Dalong" or "Dahai Flute"; the all wood suona of Uygur nationality is called "surnai"; the suona of Tibetan, Miao, Mongolian, Korean and other nationalities also have different shapes.

Suona is composed of whistle, core, air disc, rod, copper bowl and other parts. It is arranged in order according to the seven sound levels according to the sound holes. The distance between each hole is basically equal. It can flip the seven tones, and the range is generally two octaves plus two degrees. Suona has many kinds of playing skills, such as glide, vomit, air arch, air top, purr, circulation (continuous blowing for a long time) and so on. It is a kind of solo instrument with strong expressive force.

Suona is one of the indispensable musical instruments in the percussion band. In ancient times, besides playing military music, it was also used for the accompaniment of Yamen drum blowing, opera, song and dance, etc. in folk daily life, it was mostly used for festivals, weddings and funerals, and drama scenes.

Shangdang Bayin club is a popular folk instrumental music form around Zhangzi County, Shanxi Province. It originated in the Tang Dynasty, developed greatly in the Song Dynasty, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

"Bayin" is the classification of musical instruments in ancient China. It is also commonly used as a general term for musical instruments. It refers to eight types of musical instruments: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, Pao and bamboo. Eight musical instruments, such as drum, Gong, cymbal, Sheng, flute, whistle, pipe and Hu, are mainly used in the folk Bayin Club of Shangdang. It is mainly used for folk activities such as Ying Shen club, marriage and funeral, festivals and festivals. In the long term development and formation process, it blended the essence of many kinds of music, such as palace Daqu, opera music, folk songs, and Xiaoqu, and formed the artistic features of plain atmosphere and passionate.

Shangdang Bayin concert is mainly composed of percussion music, playing and playing. Its playing is divided into two types, namely "Wen blowing" and "Wu blowing". Wenchui is an ordinary performance, which mainly includes folk tunes, opera arias and scripts (including different vocations), etc.; wuchui mainly shows all kinds of unique skills including acrobatic factors, which has high requirements for performance skills. Percussion music is the most popular, enthusiastic and brilliant part of the music. The performers play all kinds of drum timbre with the music mood, or sit or stand or jump, with the skills of light hitting, continuous hitting, heavy beating, edge hitting, drum nail scraping, flower playing and other percussion instruments, while gongs, cymbals and other percussion instruments turn up and down to make a loud sound. The whole performance is warm and unrestrained, loud and clear, graceful and melodious, showing a distinct style of northern Shanxi.

There are many kinds of tunes in Shangdang Bayin club, such as Da Di Gu, Quan Jin Huai, Da Ci Fu, Ying Shen Gu, and so on. The main repertoire includes Bawang Bian, Da Shi fan, Xiao Shi fan, Jie Jie Gao, Yi Chuan Ling, Xi Mu Dan, Da Guan Deng, Shi Yang Jing, Lao Hua Qiang, and so on.

Shangdang Bayin association is closely related to various folk activities in the spreading areas, which has outstanding musicology and folklore research value. During the cultural revolution, Bayin would be destroyed and almost disappeared. Today, although related activities have been restored, due to the influence of market economy and foreign culture, people's original aesthetic concepts have changed. Bayin will face the dilemma of lack of inheritance and on the verge of extinction, which needs to be excavated, sorted out and protected.