Folk belief customs (Guan Gong belief customs)

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: folk customs

Applicant: Luoyang City, Henan Province

Item No.: 992

Project No.: Ⅹ - 85

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: folk customs

Region: Henan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Luoyang City, Henan Province

Protection unit: Luoyang Guanlin Management Office

A brief introduction to the folk belief custom (Guan Gong belief custom)

Applicant: Luoyang City, Henan Province

Faithfulness, also known as "popular belief", is a conventional traditional idea formed in the process of people's long-term production and life. Under the domination of this idea, people will have psychological and behavioral identification with some folk phenomenon. The deities worshipped by traditional folk beliefs are an important source of belief and custom. Praying for blessings and avoiding harm is the internal reason for the continuous inheritance of traditional belief and custom. The collection of various forms of folk culture forms the cultural space of folk belief and custom.

Among the Chinese people, Guan Gong and Confucius are known as "the sage of martial arts". Guan Gong temple sacrifice is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, and its influence has spread overseas, and it has been inherited continuously.

With the development of history, the belief of Guan Gong gradually formed a relatively fixed pattern. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, with reference to the sacrificial rites of the ancient state and Confucius, and the sacrificial rites of xingtailao in the Northern Song Dynasty, the contents of "greeting God", "entertaining God" and "sending God" were added in the Hongwu Period of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty set the birthday of Guan Gong as May 13, and the sacrificial rites held in Guanlin of Luoyang included sacrificial rites, furnishings, washing, first offering, worshiping four sides, paying homage, final offering, and round tomb Composed of, presided over by the county magistrate of Luoyang.

Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, is the hometown of Guan Gong. The belief and custom of Guan Gong's ancestral temple formed around Guan Gong is extremely rich. Jiezhou Guandi ancestral temple is the largest Guandi temple in China. It was built in the ninth year of kaihuang (589) of the Sui Dynasty. It was built in the former dynasty and later in the later Dynasty. It has the highest standard among tens of thousands of Guandi temples at home and abroad. Since ancient times, temple fairs have been held on the 24th day of June, the eighth day of April and the ninth day of September in the lunar calendar.

Guanlin in Luoyang, Henan Province, is the only ancient architectural complex in China where tombs, temples and forests are integrated into one, with a history of more than one thousand years. It was buried with Guan Yu's head and became a temple worship. In 1592, the original site of Guan temple in the Han Dynasty formed the basic scale of today's temple fair. Guanlin temple fair is held on the 13th day of the first month, the 13th day of May, and the 13th day of September. The sacrificial ceremony brings together the local folk arts of Luoyang, such as lion dance, drum dance, martial arts, acrobatics, dough sculpture, sea god, stilt music, etc., and integrates with various religious legends.

The core content of Guan Gong's belief and custom is the traditional concept of faithfulness and loyalty, which has been widely recognized by Chinese at home and abroad and has become an important part of Chinese world values. At present, there are few people who know the forms of dough figurines, gongtingle, Haishen and stilt music in Guan Gong's belief and custom activities, and they are in danger of being lost, so they are in urgent need of rescue and protection.