Pottery firing technique (Tibetan black pottery firing technique)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Pottery firing technique (Tibetan black pottery firing technique)

Applicant: Nangqian County, Qinghai Province

Project No.: 881

Project No.: VIII - 98

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Qinghai Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Nangqian County, Qinghai Province

Protection unit: Nangqian Tibetan black pottery culture research and Development Co., Ltd

Brief introduction of pottery firing technique (Tibetan black pottery firing technique)

Applicant: Nangqian County, Qinghai Province

Tibetan black pottery firing technology has a long history and remarkable characteristics, mainly distributed in tangdui village, Nixi Township, Shangri La County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, Axi village, Chitu Township, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, and Nangqian County, Yushu prefecture, Qinghai Province. Tangdui village, Nixi Township, Shangri La County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has a long history of black pottery firing, which has a high research value. In recent years, in the environment of cultural tourism development, the original pottery industry of tangdui village has been developed. The firing process of Tibetan black pottery in tangdui village uses white and red clay with high viscosity and plasticity, together with stone powder grinded by weathered sand and stone, to form raw materials for blank making. Its production tools are mainly wooden rackets, scrapers, Mats and hammers, which are extremely primitive and simple. In contrast, the firing process is very particular. Firing black pottery should go through 12 processes in turn, such as selecting soil, refining soil, making blank, inlaying porcelain, polishing, decoration, drying in the shade, firing, carburizing and cracking prevention. The method of making ceramic body with clay bar is of high technical requirements. First of all, we take the evenly mixed clay, beat it into strips with wood, and then place it on the base. Then, according to the shape of the objects, we pinch the outline with our hands. Then, we polish the inner and outer walls and edges of the objects. Then, we inlay white porcelain pieces, and decorate them with animal and geometric patterns. Finally, we burn them at high temperature for about an hour to finish the product.

Tangdui village Tibetan black pottery handicraft products can be roughly divided into two categories: daily necessities and religious utensils. It has a wide range of varieties and uses. Tibetan people use all kinds of tableware, cooking utensils, tea utensils, wine utensils, drinking utensils, censers and butter lamps. This kind of pottery integrates usability, ornamental and craftsmanship, which fully shows the creativity and expressiveness of Tibetan folk ceramics.

Tibetan black pottery was made in Axi village, Chitu Township, Daocheng County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Axi black pottery is made of local clay and other two kinds of clay, and then it is molded with the help of kneading, hammering, knocking, beating and other manual skills, and then decorated with broken porcelain. After these steps are completed, the pine wood is set up and fired, and the tawny clay turns black in the process. The fired pots, pots, pots, pots and bottles are indispensable for Tibetan people. At first, Tibetans exchanged pottery pots for food and other goods. Now, Axi black pottery has entered the market and become a handmade product with distinctive local characteristics.

Nangqian County in Qinghai Province is the birthplace of Yushu civilization with a long history and splendid culture. Nangqian Tibetan black pottery is a traditional handicraft in Nangqian area, mainly produced in Shanrong village, Nangqian county. It is said that the black pottery skill of Nangqian Tibetan was introduced to Tibet by Princess Wencheng of Tang Dynasty when she went to Tibet to make peace with her relatives. From this point of view, it is the crystallization of the fusion of Tibetan and Han cultures. The black pottery of Nangqian Tibetan nationality is made by the original manual method with exquisite material selection. The local pure and fine red clay and clay are used as raw materials. The body is made by hand smashing, screening, blank drawing, drying, trimming, calendering, drawing and other processes. The body is sealed in a large pottery pot, and then fired by a unique method of sealing, smoking and carburizing. When firing, the temperature and humidity should be strictly controlled, so that the carbon particles can penetrate into the ceramic body in the process of smoking, and finally become "black as carbon, hard as porcelain". At present, the black pottery products of Nangqian Tibetan mainly include jars, pots, censers, butter lamps and religious supplies, among which religious supplies and tributes are the most exquisite. The black pottery firing technique of Nangqian Tibetan has high academic value in the study of the development history of Tibetan culture and the history of Tibetan Chinese cultural exchange