Stone carving (coal carving)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: stone carving (coal carving)

Applicant: Fushun City, Liaoning Province

Project No.: 832

Project No.: Ⅶ - 56

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Liaoning Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Fushun City, Liaoning Province

Protection unit: Fushun Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

Brief introduction of stone carving (fine coal carving)

Applicant: Fushun City, Liaoning Province

Stone carving, also known as "stone carving", is a traditional hand carving technique with stone as raw material. China's stone carving art has a long history. It has been carried on for thousands of years and has been handed down to the present day. It shows the exquisite technology, ingenious conception and abundant creativity of traditional folk crafts. Stone carving is usually created on natural stone materials such as marble, granite, bluestone and sandstone. In this process, a series of skilled folk carving techniques such as round carving, relief carving, openwork carving and line carving are used. Because these stone materials are natural and can be preserved for a long time, stone carving techniques are mostly used to make large-scale sculptures and decorative sculptures. According to the use, stone carving products can be divided into three categories: first, building components and decorations, such as platform base, memorial archway, stone lion, etc.; second, god Buddha statues, such as the statues of Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province and Longmen Grottoes in Henan Province; third, daily necessities, such as desk ornaments and inkstones, which can be appreciated and used. Traditional stone carving used axes, hammers and chisels as tools. In modern times, some more advanced tools such as glycerine powder and simple machinery were used. With the development of society, the stone carving technology is improving day by day. As a unique commodity, the related products are widely circulated in the market and have unique artistic charm.

Coal carving is a unique folk carving art in Fushun City, Liaoning Province. It takes local specialty coal as raw material, which is unique. Coal essence, also known as "coal jade", is a kind of black, shiny and hard natural resource. The origin of fine coal carving can be traced back to the early 20th century. Brothers Zhao kunsheng and Zhao Jinglin explored in practice and finally creatively developed the unique craft of fine coal carving. With their oral and personal teaching, Fushun coal fine carving art has been passed on smoothly for seven generations. There are more than 200 kinds of coal fine carving products, including three types of figures, animals and plain living, with various styles. In order to adapt to the characteristics of the material itself, a series of unique techniques and techniques such as chopping, shoveling, walking, snatching, grinding, throwing, rolling, chopping, planing, drilling and rubbing have been formed. Fushun coal fine carving with distinctive regional characteristics organically integrates Chinese traditional culture and northern regional culture, showing an extraordinary level of technology and high artistic research value.