Sichuan zhuqin

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Sichuan zhuqin

Applicant: Chongqing Three Gorges quyi Troupe

Item No.: 769

Project No.: V - 76

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Chongqing

Type: new item

Applicant: Chongqing Three Gorges quyi Troupe

Protection unit: Chongqing Three Gorges quyi protection and inheritance Center (Chongqing Three Gorges quyi Troupe)

Introduction to Sichuan zhuqin

Applicant: Chongqing Three Gorges quyi Troupe

Sichuan Bamboo zither is widely distributed in the Han nationality areas of Sichuan Province. It is named for its bamboo tube and simple board as the main accompaniment instruments. It is also known as "Dadao tube", "Changdao tube" and "Dachi pingpong" among the people. It originated from Taoist music and was once popular in the Tang Dynasty. After the first year of Jiaqing (1796) in Qing Dynasty, the art of bamboo zither began to be popular among the people, and the number of rappers was increasing.

The earliest singing form of Sichuan zhuqin is that many people sing in groups of four or five at the same time. In the 1930s, Jia Shusan, known as one of Sichuan's "three great Qutan", created a single singing form, in which one person performed multiple roles by sitting or walking. In the long-term development process, Sichuan zhuqin music has evolved from a single tune into various styles such as Zhonghe tune and Yangqin tune. Zhonghe tune, also known as "comprehensive tune" and "Zhonghe tune", is mainly popular in eastern Sichuan, southern Sichuan and Northern Sichuan. It is developed from limen tune, laonan tune and Nanyin tune, and forms several singing schools on the basis of these tunes. Yangqin tune, also known as "provincial tune", only spreads in Chengdu and Western Sichuan. Its singing is euphemistic and fluent, with male and female tunes. Zhonghe tune and Yangqin tune all belong to banqiang style, including "Yizi", "SANFA", "Sanban", "Yaoban", "Daqiang" and other singing tunes, and "Duozi", "shuban" and other auxiliary singing tunes commonly known as "kuqiang" and "kupingqiang".

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, bamboo Qin industry organizations were established in Sichuan, which promoted the development of this folk art. There are many singing schools of Sichuan Bamboo Qin, among which Jia Shusan, the representative of "Jia school bamboo Qin", has the greatest influence. Jia Shusan simplified the four sentence tune of zhuqin singing into two sentences, changed the "slow seven eye board" to "fast three eye board", and boldly transplanted the tunes of Tanxi and huqin opera of Sichuan Opera, Sichuan Qingyin and folk songs into zhuqin music, creating a rich and changeable "colorful tune", which soon spread to all directions. The classic repertoire of "Jia school bamboo Qin" is quite rich, including hundreds of aria such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "case of Baogong", "Legend of white snake" and "storm Pavilion". Most of the lyrics are elegant and beautiful, with a strong literary quality. In the past 20 years, the development of Sichuan Bamboo zither has been stagnated, the works are scarce, the talents are not available, the audience is lost, and the market is shrinking. It is facing a severe crisis and in urgent need of protection and revitalization.