Major tune

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Da Diao Qu

Applicant: Nanyang City, Henan Province

Item No.: 762

Project No.: Ⅴ - 69

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Henan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Nanyang City, Henan Province

Protection unit: Nanyang QUJU Art Center

Introduction to ditty:

Applicant: Nanyang City, Henan Province

Dadiao, also known as "guziqu", was formed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, and has a history of more than 300 years. Guziqu first appeared in Kaifeng. It was originally divided into three branches: Zhoukou, Yuxian and Nanyang. Later, Yuxian and Nanyang gradually merged in the process of development. After it was introduced into Nanyang, guziqu absorbed some ditty, opera tune and folk song ditty from mountain, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hubei provinces, and made great progress in content and form. Finally, it formed a major tune with local characteristics, which became very popular in Nanyang after 1930s.

In the performance of major tunes, the way of sitting and singing is adopted. There are some cases in which the singer plays and sings by himself. But generally, the singer and the accompanist sit together, holding the board in hand and singing in unison. When accompaniment appears in singing, the audience can also help by singing together. The performance scene is full of passion and the atmosphere is very warm. In the process of practice, there are many outstanding representative figures in Dadiao music artists, among which Sishao, Wang Gengxuan, Ma Wanshou, Cao Dongfu, Chen Youlan, Li Changxi and Zhai Wenqiang are the best.

There are 229 tunes and 56 Bantou tunes. There are not only xialiba folk songs, folk songs, fishing songs, market ditty, but also solo and ensemble music of "Manjianghong", "kuzilu", "shanshanpo sheep"; there are not only cheerful, fluent and passionate "birds in the sky", but also sentimental and plaintive "Confucius sighs for Yan Hui"; there are elegant and noble "mountains and rivers", "Autumn Moon in Han Palace", and "Spring Festival" There are witty [chuckling] and [grape trellis], which can be described as a complete range of categories, enjoying both refined and popular tastes. The singing music of tunes in Da Diao belongs to the combination of Qupai, which has two forms: single and suite. The single uses a piece of music to sing a story or a scene, such as "ancient city meeting" with "Manjianghong" and "spring outing" with "parasitic grass"; the divertimento combines several pieces of music according to certain rules to narrate and express feelings. There are many types of divertimento in Da Diao, including GuZi Divertimento, Duozi Divertimento, Yuediao Divertimento, dock Divertimento, etc.

Now there are nearly a thousand pieces of Dadiao songs collected and sorted out. Among them are the representative works, such as "copy red", "remnant flower sighs" and "Lin Chong runs at night". At present, there is no successor for Dadiao, which is on the verge of extinction and in urgent need of protection and inheritance.