Northeast drum

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Northeast Dagu

Applicant: Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Item No.: 242

Project No.: V - 6

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Liaoning Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Protection unit: Shenyang Public Cultural Service Center (Shenyang Cultural Performing Arts Center)

Introduction to northeast Dagu

Applicant: Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Northeast Dagu is a form of Quyi Gushu and Guqu, which is mainly popular in Northeast China, namely Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. It was once popular in Shenyang, where fengtianfu was set up in the late Qing Dynasty, so it was once known as "fengtiandagu". After Fengtian province was renamed Liaoning Province in the 18th year of the Republic of China, it was also called "Liaoning Dagu". Dongbei Dagu was formed in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The original performance form was that the singer played rap with a small Sanxian and tied "jieziban" on his leg, also known as "xianzishu". Later, it developed into a self percussion drum and simple board performance, while others played big Sanxian and other special accompaniment, and the northeast dialect was used in the rap performance.

In the early days of northeast Dagu, it was popular in the countryside and was commonly known as tundagu. The melody is familiar to the local people, and the lyrics are not very particular. Many artists even read the script in public and perform according to the script, commonly known as "Ba duo Shuo Shu". The performances are mainly medium length, including Huibei Ji, Wagang village, caiyunqiu, simatoutang, baiyuliou, etc. At the end of the 19th century, the Northeast drum entered the city, mainly singing short programs, and the lyrics also transplanted some Zidishu lyrics. Famous artists include Che Debao, men Zhenbang, Wang Desheng, Zhang Wansheng, etc. In the early 20th century, a large number of female artists entered the Northeast drum performance ranks, while male artists retired to accompany. Famous female artists at that time included Liu Wenxia, golden butterfly, Yin Lianfu, Hou Liangui, etc. Liu Wenxia once won the title of "Fengtian Dagu king". Zhu Xizhen, the so-called "sister flower of the bookstore", and Zhu Shixi's "zhujiaban", who carried Liang, performed in Tianjin in the 1930s, where Zhu Xizhen was known as the "Queen of Liaoning Dagu"; Fu Lingge and his four daughters, Fu Fengyun, Fu Cuiyun, Fu Guiyun and Fu Huiyun, carried Liang, brought northeast Dagu to Beijing.

In the long-term communication process, northeast Dagu has formed different art schools, such as "fengdiao", "dongchengdiao", "Jiangbei school", "nanchengdiao" and "xichengdiao", which appeared in the mid-20th century. Each school has its own traditional programs. "Fengdiao" takes Shenyang as the activity center, with slow singing and good at lyricism. It mostly performs short programs such as "Lu Lei Yuan" and "Yi Zhen Fei", with Huo Shutang as the representative artist; "dongchengdiao" takes Jilin as the activity center, with Ren Zhankui as the representative artist, and "Jiangbei school" as the representative artist The north area of Songhua River in erbin is the activity center, with Liu Tongxi and other representative artists; the South City tune takes Yingkou, Liaoning Province as the activity center, with Xu Xiangjiu and other representative artists; the Jiangbei school and the South City tune have a common feature, that is, they mostly perform long books such as hujiajiang and xuejiajiang; the West City tune takes Jinzhou as the activity center, and is good at singing Chen Qingyuan and other representative artists perform tragic stories such as "Luo Cheng calls Guan".

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, many new programs reflecting real life were created and performed by northeast Dagu. The important new programs adapted from literary works included long books such as "fire steel", "Red Rock", "Jie Zhenguo" and short stories such as "Yang Jingyu's big bag array", "Bai Qiuen", "Fisherman's hate", "Chairman Mao's coming to the Ming Tombs", "wedding on the execution ground" Aria.

The Northeast drum plays an important role in the entertainment life of the people in the popular areas, and its music also affects other arts, such as "Yi Zhen Fei" is transplanted by many kinds of drum music, and the singing tune "man Xi Cheng" is absorbed by Er Ren Zhuan, etc. However, since the end of the 20th century, the audience of northeast Dagu has been transferred in large numbers, and the inheritance and performance of northeast Dagu have encountered serious difficulties, resulting in a crisis of survival. In this situation, it is urgent to protect and develop northeast Dagu.