Shandong Dagu (Lihua Dagu)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Shandong Dagu (Lihua Dagu)

Applicant: Weixian County, Hebei Province

Project No.: 240

Project No.: V - 4

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Hebei Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Weixian County, Hebei Province

Protection unit: Weixian Cultural Museum (Weixian Art Museum)

Shandong Dagu (Lihua Dagu)

Applicant: Weixian County, Hebei Province

Shandong Dagu is the earliest extant quyi Gushu and Guqu form in northern China. It is said that it was formed in the late Ming Dynasty and has a history of 300 or 400 years. Due to the use of half moon shaped plowshare piece accompaniment, it is also known as "plowshare drum". It originated in rural areas in Northwest Shandong, and later spread to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, northeast and even Southern Shanghai, Nanjing, Chongqing and other places.

Shandong Dagu, which is popular in the south of Hebei Province, is called "Lihua Dagu". It mainly spreads in Jize County of Handan and Wei County of Xingtai. Most of the performances are performed by one person, and there are also two person duels. The actors beat drums with drumsticks in their right hand and steel plates in their left hand, accompanied by three strings. The singing style of Lihua Dagu is simple, rich in both voice and emotion, high in melody, both rap and monologue, and integration of narrative and lyric. Its singing style belongs to banqiang style, mainly including Adagio (touban), Erpan (Liushui ban), Allegro and so on. It is rich and changeable, known as "more tunes, less words, 72 humming"; sentence patterns are divided into cross rhyme, seven character rhyme and so on. Shandong Dagu is mainly composed of Lihua tune in banqiang style. Banqiang mainly includes adagio, Erxing tune, Allegro, Sanban and even tune. Yueyaban, Sanxian, Tongban and Jinggu are the main accompaniment instruments. After 1970s, Sihu, erhu and Yangqin were added to enhance the performance and greatly enhance the performance effect.

Shandong Dagu is a multi angle, simple form, a table and a stool can be sung, often appear in temple fairs, hall meetings, markets and other occasions, welcomed by the masses. The main traditional bibliographies are "Yang Jinhua seizing the seal", "brother Liu persuading his wife", "the story of velvet" and so on. The three main genres in Southern Hebei have their own characteristics, among which the "old Beikou" school has rough and bold singing style, slow speed, long ending tone, flat rise and fall, harsh pronunciation, true enunciation, heavy falling tone, dense sound, and good use of dunyin, commonly known as "Lao Niu Da Pao"; the "small Beikou" school is more skillful, euphemistic and delicate, good at performing "documents" and narrating in singing; the "Nankou" school is euphemistic and melodious, with few words and complex tune In addition, some tunes have been added to the singing, which can be divided into two types: fast and slow, and it is more rich and changeable.

Shandong Dagu has a long history, unique singing, rich bibliography and rich local color, which has high historical and cultural value. At present, some old artists who inherited the skills of drum performance have passed away one after another, and many precious materials have not been preserved in time. It is urgent to take measures to actively carry out the rescue and protection work.