Shadow play (Lu Feng's shadow play)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Shadow Play (Lu Feng's shadow play)

Applicant: Shanwei City, Guangdong Province

Project No.: 235

Project No.: Ⅳ - 91

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Guangdong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Shanwei City, Guangdong Province

Protection unit: Lufeng shadow play inheritance and Protection Center

Introduction to shadow play (Lu Feng shadow play)

Applicant: Shanwei City, Guangdong Province

Shadow play is a kind of opera form that uses animal skin or cardboard to cut images and uses light to illuminate the cut images to perform stories. Its popularity is very wide, almost all over the country's provinces and regions, and forms a variety of shadow plays due to the different voices, such as Huaxian shadow play, Huayin laoqiang shadow play, agongqiang shadow play, xianbanqiang shadow play in Shaanxi, Daoqing shadow play in Huanxian County in Gansu, Wanwanqiang shadow play in Xiaoyi County in Shanxi, Tangshan Shadow Play in Hebei, Southern Hebei shadow play, Zhejiang shadow play Haining shadow play, Jianghan Plain shadow play in Hubei, Lufeng shadow play in Guangdong, Fuzhou shadow play and Lingyuan shadow play in Liaoning, etc.

The formation age of shadow play has not yet been determined, but according to the records of Menghua records in Tokyo written by Meng Yuanlao in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was mature and popular in the Song Dynasty at the latest. There were nine actors in the vashe of Bianliang in Tokyo, including Dong Shiwu, Zhao Qi and Cao Baoyi. There is a picture of shadow play in the Jin Dynasty mural of Wenshu Hall of Yanshan temple in Fanshi, Shanxi Province, which vividly shows the actual situation of Shanxi shadow play performance at that time. After the development of song, Jin, yuan and Ming Dynasties, shadow puppet shows a prosperous situation in Qing Dynasty.

Although there are many kinds of shadow play, the differences are mainly in the aspects of voice and repertoire, while the production and performance techniques of filmmakers are similar. Generally, the film makers scrape off the blood of the cattle skin, donkey skin and sheep skin, process them into translucent shape, and then carve them with color. The carving and drawing process is exquisite, and the shape is realistic. Generally, filmmakers are divided into head, body, limbs and other parts, all of which are silhouettes. The head is attached with helmets, and the body and limbs are dressed. After painting, they are baked and flattened with firebricks. During the performance, the actor's head is inserted into the body, and the body and limbs are connected. At the same time, three bamboo cuttings are installed on the body and hands to operate the performance. In addition to character modeling, we also need to carve some props, tables, chairs and scenery modeling to match the performance.

The main props are shadow windows, commonly known as "Liangzi", which are generally 3 feet high, 5 feet wide, no more than 4 feet high and no more than 6 feet wide. They are made of white paper for single person operation. The second is an oil lamp, which is used to reflect the movie player and perform the action.

Shadow play is an important traditional folk art in China. In recent years, due to the impact of modern film and television art, the audience and performance market are decreasing day by day. Many shadow plays are facing the danger of extinction and need to be rescued and protected.

Lufeng shadow play is the only legacy of Chaozhou shadow play, one of the three major shadow play systems in China. Lufeng shadow play company is the only professional shadow play company in Guangdong Province. Lu Feng shadow play has been living and developing among the people. It has the gene of the ancient Minnan language family, and has been bred by the folk customs of Hai and Lu Feng. It has rich singing music, strong local characteristics, exquisite painting and carving, vivid and elegant performance.

Lufeng City is located in the southeast of Guangdong Province Jieshi Bay, south of the South China Sea, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, between Shenzhen and Shantou two special economic zones, land and water transportation is very convenient. It has a long history. It was formed in the Song Dynasty, prevailed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and popularized in the period of the Republic of China. During the war period before the founding of new China, most of the other dramas stopped drumming and broke up. Shadow puppet troupes are still active in the surrounding villages and towns. It can be seen that shadow puppet plays have a deep mass foundation and strong vitality. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it has been revived and developed. In painting, music, production, performance, effect and stage lighting, it has attracted the attention of the world. Wherever it goes, it is welcomed by the audience, especially children. The performance area has been expanding, not only to the cities and counties in northern Guangdong and Guangzhou, but also to several cities and counties in Fujian. After 1975, he went to Beijing many times to participate in and perform, and his plays such as "fighting evil beast", "chicken and snake", "tortoise and rabbit race", "flying sky", "chicken fight", "crying tower" were widely praised. Lu Feng shadow play is a traditional folk art with high historical value, educational value and artistic value.