Fujian Opera

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Fujian Opera

Applicant: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

Project No.: 189

Project No.: Ⅳ - 45

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Fujian Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

Protection unit: Fuzhou Fujian opera art inheritance and Development Center

Introduction to Fujian Opera:

Applicant: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

Fujian opera, also known as Fuzhou opera, is the only existing opera that uses Fuzhou dialect to sing and recite. It is popular in central Fujian, Eastern Fujian and Northern Fujian, and has spread to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Yiyang tune was introduced into Minzhong, and gradually integrated with local dialect minor to form Jianghu tune. Then there appeared Jianghu class singing Jianghu tune and Pingshuo class singing Jianghu tune. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Pingshuo troupe merged with the Laolao troupe who sang Kunqiang, Huixi and other foreign tunes, and the Rulin troupe who sang Rulin opera in Fuzhou, and finally formed Fujian opera. After the revolution of 1911, Fujian opera entered a prosperous period, with the emergence of many troupes and "four famous dans" such as Zheng yizuo, Zeng yuanfan, Xue Liangfan and Ma Difan, who are known as "Mei Lanfang".

There are more than 1000 traditional plays of Min opera, most of which are based on folklore, historical romance, ancient legend and zaju. Some of them are from the Confucian class, some from the Jianghu class, some from the Pingshuo class, and some are inherited from the Hui class. The common representative plays are Lian Yin, Lichi for Jiangtao, ziyuchai, nvyungu, Kaifeng mansion and zhenshu Zhu TA, Chu Wen Ji, Zhao Jie to be a bride, Meng Jiangnu, Qin Xianglian, Du Shiniang, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, wanhualian boat, Qiu Liyu, Qiu LAN to send rice, etc.

The music singing of Min opera is composed of foreign songs, Jianghu tune, douqiang tune and ditty tune. Both men and women use their own voices when singing. It is characterized by high pitched, exciting, simple and rough, and there is no lack of delicacy and softness. The singing of Min opera is simple, natural and clean. At the same time, we should pay attention to the alternation of resonance in throat, nose, abdomen and chest to improve the effect. Most of the tunes in Fujian opera are derived from Yiyang tune, Siping tune, huidiao tune and Kunqu tune. Many singing tunes still retain the characteristics of Yiyang tune, which can help and "roll". The main accompaniment instruments are hengxiao, suona, touguan, erhu, YeHu, Qinggu, Zhangu, gongs and so on.

In the early stage, there were only three roles in Fujian Opera: Sheng, Dan and Chou. Later, they absorbed the business system of Hui class and Jing class, and gradually developed into twelve roles: Xiaosheng, Laosheng, wusheng, Qingyi, Huadan, laodan, Dahua, Erhua, Sanhua, tie, Mo and miscellaneous. Actors pay attention to the use of the basic formula of hand, eye, body, method and step in their performance, and strive to show the beautiful figure and reflect the inner world of the characters through the appearance.

Fujian opera ranks first among the five major operas in Fujian, and has a history of more than 400 years. In the study of the evolution history of opera tune and the development history of Fuzhou local culture, it is an important link that can not be ignored. At present, under the impact of the modern social and economic tide, Fujian opera has gradually come to an endangered state, which is in urgent need of rescue and protection.