Luantan (Luantan in Weixian county)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Luantan (Luantan in Weixian county)

Applicant: Weixian County, Hebei Province

Item No.: 183

Project No.: Ⅳ - 39

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Hebei Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Weixian County, Hebei Province

Protection unit: Weixian Cultural Museum (Weixian Art Museum)

Introduction to Luantan (Luantan in Weixian county)

Applicant: Weixian County, Hebei Province

Luantan is a kind of local vocal drama that emerged in the late Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. It has formed a unique style in Jiaqing and Daoguang periods. After the confluence of Beijing and Huizhou, Luantan stood out and stood on its own. Luantan opera in Weixian is a kind of multi tune opera, which is mainly popular in Weixian, Hebei Province. Its tunes include Luantan opera, Kunqiang opera, Yangzhou Luantan opera, Gaoqiang opera, Luoluo opera, suona Erhuang opera and zaqiang minor opera.

Luantan tune in Weixian county is mainly composed of banqiang style "Luantan tune", with obvious traces of folk songs. It is similar to silk string tune in singing, but it is more thick and rough than silk string tune. When singing, both men's and women's voices use this word to bite, and the false voice to drag. Its main types include yigutou, ergutou, Adagio, liushuiban, etc. Its libretto is composed of upper and lower sentences, generally adopting seven character and cross sentences, while Kunqiang libretto adopts long and short sentences. There are still more than 100 pieces of Luantan Qupai, of which "hunpai" generally has lyrics and gongs, and "qingpai" is divided into three parts: big suona Qupai, dizi Qupai and Haidi Qupai. The music of Luantan in Weixian county adopts "pure rhythm", and the singing and accompaniment adopt the multi part music form of "Zhi Sheng duo Diao". Each part operates independently under the overall restriction, forming a unique and subtle melody contrast effect, which is unique in Chinese opera. Its gongs and drums are also very rich, with 9 kinds of gongs and drums at the beginning.

Luantan in Weixian retains the habit of using tanbansi rhythm in Nanqu, accompanied by suona and other wind instruments. It has the characteristics of folk drum music, with complex sound and lively. The traditional accompaniment instruments are two suonas, one seven hole flute and two small Fangsheng. Shengjiao is usually accompanied by suona and Sheng, danjiao by flute and Sheng, Wenjiao by flute and Sheng, Wujiao by suona and Sheng.

Weixian Luantan's role system is standardized. It is divided into four professions: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Its performance is simple, crude and enthusiastic. It focuses on duet, doing, reading and playing. Lao Sheng and Hu Zisheng are the first of their life and behavior, with more important plays. There are more than 30 kinds of tricks.

There are more than 300 kinds of Luantan plays in Weixian County, among which lintongguan and Guangwushan are representative works.