Out of tune

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Yuediao

Applicant: Zhoukou City, Henan Province

Item No.: 171

Project No.: Ⅳ - 27

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Henan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Zhoukou City, Henan Province

Protection unit: Henan Yuediao art protection and inheritance Center

Introduction to Yuediao

Applicant: Zhoukou City, Henan Province

Yuediao, also known as Si Gu Xian, is an ancient opera in Henan Province. It is mainly spread in southern Shaanxi, Northern Hubei, Western Anhui, Shandong and Henan, and has a certain influence in the whole country. Yuediao began to be popular in Nanyang and other places during the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, and then gradually evolved into a special type of vocal opera, which flourished in the late Qing Dynasty. After the formation of operas, they were mainly performed in the form of shadow puppet, puppet and Yuediao troupe.

In the long-term development process, Yuediao has formed more than 500 traditional plays, especially famous for its good performance of "Three Kingdoms". The representative plays include "Shou Jiang Wei", "Xia Nan Tang", "Wu Ning Fu", "Li Tianbao diaoxiao", "Bai granny drunk", "Li Shuangxi borrowing food", "Huo Fen Xiu Lou", "ZHUGE Liang diaoxiao", etc. Yuediao originated from Qupai style, and then added banqiang style, which became a unique drama combining banqiang style and Qupai style. There are adagio, Liushui, tongqidiao, Zanzi, Daoban, Feiban, Jida and Manchang, waiqiang, chuqiang, Zadiao and so on. There are more than 200 Yuediao tunes, mostly from other operas and folk music, which are divided into two parts: Flute and chord. Yuediao singing is mainly "Yuediao", and sometimes it also sings blowing tune, Kun tune, seven and a half sentences, etc. it has a unique style, high pitched and bright, honest and plain, clear enunciation, replacing sound with words, conveying emotion with sound, laughing in singing and singing in laughing. It is good at expressing passionate, generous, solemn and stirring singing scenes, and expressing deep, soft and sad emotions, which has the characteristics of folk music in Central Plains Characteristics and local flavor. Yuediao tune is rich in art and has its own professional characteristics and routine. Actors sing with their own voice, supplemented by falsetto. The main tone of Jingxing's singing is 5 degrees higher than that of other professions. Accompanied by fenwen, Wuchang, Wenchang instruments include Chuihu, dizi, erhu, suona, Sanxian, pipa, Menzi, etc., Wuchang instruments include bangu, gongs and drums, etc.

Yuediao has a wide range of roles, including dahonglian, erhonglian, Wensheng, wusheng, Dajing, Ermiao, sanhualian, Zhengdan, Huadan, guimendan, langdan, Wudan, laodan, etc. each of them has a distinctive personality. In the long-term stage practice, some famous performing schools represented by Shen Fengmei and Mao Ailian have emerged.

Yuediao vividly reflects the social life in the Central Plains, and has important value in the study of social history and art history. In the process of the transformation from planned economy to market economy, Yuediao has been struggling and going from bad to worse. In the past, the gratifying scene of "gongs and drums are popular in the city, and every village has more and more teasing" is no longer popular. At present, there are only two professional performing groups in Henan Province, Henan Yuediao troupe and Xuchang Yuediao troupe. They are lack of funds, new plays are difficult, and artistic talents are not available. The most urgent task is to strengthen the policy support, mobilize all kinds of forces to rescue and protect it, and the first task is to rescue and excavate the unique skills of old artists.