Henan opera

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Henan Opera

Applicant: Henan Province

Item No.: 167

Project No.: Ⅳ - 23

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Henan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Henan Province

Protection unit: Henan Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

Introduction to Henan Opera:

Applicant: Henan Province

Henan Opera is also called Henan Bangzi, Henan gaodiao and Henan ou, while the mountainous areas in western Henan are called backhill roar. It is one of the most important operas in China. It is deeply loved by the masses. It is mainly popular in Henan Province and has spread all over the country. Henan opera has a history of more than 100 years. As early as the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, it has become a very influential opera in Henan. In the period of generation and development, Henan Opera absorbed the artistic factors of Kunqiang, chuiqiao, pihuang and other Bangzi tunes, and extensively absorbed Henan folk popular music, quyi rap and folk music Xiaoling, forming a simple and honest, rich and delicate, rich in local flavor.

Henan Opera is rich in repertoire resources, including nearly a thousand traditional repertoires. In history, it was said that there were "Three Kingdoms in three thousand Tang Dynasty and eight hundred Song Dynasty, which could not be sung all over the world." chop son "," shepherd roll "," Liu Quanjin melon "," baopipa "," qiguohuai "," hongxiashan "," dajizhuang "," Jieqi "," Hongniang "," Huamulan "," Mu Guiying in command "," Duhua " Gun, Tang Zhixian shengaoming and many other traditional plays have been performed on the stage for a long time.

There are four main types of music in Henan opera, including dozens of singing styles and styles. Its singing style not only has a variety of local singing styles, such as Yudong tune, Xiangfu tune, Yuxi tune, Shahe tune, gaodiao, etc., but also contains a variety of tunes with cross sentence, seven character sentence, five character sentence and long and short sentence. It has formed many artistic schools in performance and singing. The accompaniment of Henan opera can be divided into Wenchang and Wuchang. Wenchang instruments mainly include Banhu, erhu, Sanxian, Yueqin, piwu, dizi, etc., while Wuchang instruments include bangu, Bangzi, Daluo, Xiaoluo, etc.

"Sisheng", "Sidan" and "sihualian" constitute the role system of Henan opera. "Sisheng" refers to Laosheng, dahonglian, erhonglian and Xiaosheng; "Sidan" refers to Qingyi, Huadan, laodan and Caidan; "sihualian" refers to heilian, dahualian, Erhualian and sanhualian. Since modern times, a number of famous artists such as Chang Xiangyu, Wang Runzhi, Ma Shuangzhi, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng and Yan lipin have emerged in the development process of Henan opera, pushing it to a higher level with diversified artistic styles.

Henan opera art has long been influenced by the Central Plains culture, especially the local culture of the Yellow River Basin. It has formed a unique Henan local style in performing repertoire, stage performance, characterization, expression, music singing and other aspects, with strong regional cultural color, and has become a precious treasure in China's national Opera treasure house. Due to the rapid development of the times, social ideology and aesthetic fashion have undergone tremendous changes, and the survival of Henan Opera began to appear crisis. The number of audiences is shrinking rapidly, and there is a lack of performing talents. Many traditional operas, especially those of representative regional schools, are almost lost. This situation needs to be changed urgently. The rescue and protection of Henan Opera should be carried out as soon as possible.