Transportation production base station

station

This data is reviewed by the project of data compilation and application of Science Encyclopedia of science popularization in China.

The station is the base of transportation production. Passenger boarding and alighting, cargo transportation, train arrival and departure, train crew preparation and transfer, train inspection and cargo inspection are all handled at the station. The station has centralized technical equipment related to train operation.

brief introduction

The station is the base of transportation production. Passenger boarding and alighting, cargo transportation, train arrival and departure, train crew preparation and transfer, train inspection and cargo inspection are all handled at the station. The station has centralized technical equipment related to train operation.

classification

According to the task of the station and its political and economic status in the country, the station can be divided into six levels: special class station, first class station, second class station, third class station, fourth class station and fifth class station. stations are divided into intermediate station, section station and marshalling station according to different technical operations. stations are divided into passenger stations, freight stations and passenger and freight stations according to their business nature.

Intermediate station

Generally, it is set in the section between technical stations to handle the operations of train receiving, departure, passing and passing, and the station for shunting and loading and unloading along the zero pick-up and pull-up train is called intermediate station. In addition, technical inspection and re departure of some trains at the intermediate gate and terminal station are also handled. single track stations are called passing stations, and double track sections are called overtaking stations.

Section station

It is set at the place where the freight train traction section is divided, or the distributing place of the section traffic flow. Generally, only the arrival and departure traffic flow of the section is adapted, and the station where the section is disassembled and marshalled, and the train is taken off and hung along the zero line is called the section station. Generally, the section station also carries out the replacement of freight locomotives or crew members, and carries out the technical maintenance and freight inspection of the vehicles in the freight trains. Equipped with receiving and departure train, shunting, locomotive servicing, and vehicle maintenance and other equipment.

Marshalling yard

A marshalling station is a station which is responsible for a large number of transfer train flow change operations and marshalling technology for direct, through and other trains. In the marshalling station, freight locomotives and crew members are replaced, and technical maintenance and freight inspection and sorting are carried out for the vehicles in the freight train. Generally, there are special arrival yard, departure yard and shunting yard, hump shunting equipment, locomotive servicing and vehicle maintenance equipment. the marshalling station is divided into road network marshalling station, regional marshalling station and local marshalling station according to its position on the railway trunk line and in the hub. marshalling station and section station are collectively referred to as technical station. They handle almost the same kinds of technical operations, such as receiving and dispatching of trains, editing and disassembling, replacement of locomotive crew, locomotive servicing and vehicle maintenance. However, there are some differences between the two: the section station mainly deals with the non shunting transfer train flow, the adapted train flow is small, and a small number of section trains and pick-up and pull-up trains are adapted; while the marshalling station mainly deals with the adapted train flow according to the marshalling plan, in addition to handling the through train flow, it mainly deals with the disintegration and marshalling of all kinds of freight trains such as direct, through, section, pick-up and pull-up and small operation.

Station boundary

The boundary between the station and the section connected at its two ends is the station boundary, and all technical equipment related to train operation within the station boundary is under the jurisdiction of the station. on the single track railway, the scope of the station is bounded by the center line of the arrival signal columns at both ends. On the double track railway, the station boundary is determined separately according to the up and down main lines. One end is bounded by the center line of the arrival signal column, and the other end is bounded by the center line of the station landmark.

Track number

The main line in the station is numbered with Roman numerals (I, II, III...) and the station line is numbered with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3...). (1) stations in single track section shall be numbered from the line close to the station building to the direction far away from the station building. (2) stations in double track section shall be numbered in sequence from the main line, with double number in the upper line and single number in the lower line. (3) terminal station, numbering from the left to the terminal. If the station is located on one side of the line, it shall be numbered from the line close to the station to the direction far away from the station. turnout number (1) serial number from the train to the arrival direction, with double number on the top and single number on the bottom. Generally, the center line of the station building is used as the dividing line between single number and even number. (2) for the linkage turnout such as crossover and crossover turnout, it shall be numbered as continuous single number or even number. (3) when the station is divided into yards, the turnout of each yard shall be numbered separately. A station is not allowed to have the same number.

Track length

Track length

The total length of track refers to the actual length of track, that is, the length along the line center line from the turnout stock rail joint at one end of track to the turnout stock rail joint at the other end (the end line is the length to the car stop).

Track effective length

The effective length of track refers to the length within which the locomotive and rolling stock can stay within the full length of track without affecting the operation of adjacent lines. The starting and ending range of track effective length is determined according to the positions of warning mark, switch rail tip of turnout, departure signal, track insulation joint and train stop. the effective lengths of arrival departure tracks adopted by Chinese railways are 1250m, 1050m, 850m, 750m, 650m and 550m.

Line spacing

The distance between the center lines of two adjacent lines in the section and station is the line spacing. The line spacing is determined according to the relevant clearance, the technical equipment set in the direction of adjacent lines and the operation of different nature. The distance between railway lines includes the distance between passenger and freight railway lines and the distance between passenger dedicated lines, and its size shall comply with the relevant provisions of technical regulations.