Liupanshan Town, Jingyuan County, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Liupanshan town

Liupanshan town is under the jurisdiction of Jingyuan County in Ningxia Autonomous Region. It is located in the north of Jingyuan County and is famous for Liupanshan. In February 2003, the government of the Autonomous Region decided to put the reconstruction system of Dawan Township, Haodian Township and Shizilu town in Yuanzhou District of Guyuan City under the jurisdiction of Jingyuan County (in the same year, Shizilu town and Haodian Township were abolished and Liupanshan town was merged).

brief introduction

Liupan Mountain is one of the youngest mountains in China, located in the junction of Ningxia, Gansu and Shaanxi. It stretches more than 200 kilometers, with an altitude of about 3000 meters. It is a natural barrier of Guanzhong Plain and an important watershed in the north. The Jinghe River, Qingshui River and Hulu river of the Yellow River system all originate here. Liupan Mountain has always been said that "spring goes and autumn comes, and there is no midsummer". The main peak, Mitang mountain, is 2942 meters above sea level. When you climb the main peak, you can see the mist and the sea of clouds. As the sun rises and the clouds open, we can see a series of mountains and peaks emerging one after another. In 2002, Guyuan city put Shizilu, Haodian and Dawan under the jurisdiction of Yuanzhou District under the jurisdiction of Jingyuan County. Liupanshan town in Jingyuan County is a combination of Shizilu town and Haodian town. These two towns are distributed along both sides of 312 national highway, with convenient transportation and certain economic foundation and resource advantages. Jingyuan County takes advantage of this advantage to list Liupanshan town as the industrial park of the whole county, and uses industrialization to drive the development of the whole town.

Biology

There are 788 species of higher plants and 26000 hectares of arbor forests in Liupan Mountain. There are 38 species of mammals. 200 species of vertebrates and 147 species of birds live here.

Geography

Liupan Mountain is located 50 kilometers southeast of Guyuan City in Ningxia, which was called Longshan in ancient times. It starts from Xihua mountain in Haiyuan County of Ningxia in the north and extends to Gansu and Shaanxi in the south, with a north-south trend, high in the South and low in the north, stretching 240 kilometers. The main peak of migang mountain is located in Guyuan and Longde of Ningxia, with an altitude of 2928 meters. Liupanshan is still Northern Shaanxi.

name

The boundary mountain between Loess Plateau and Longxi Loess Plateau, the watershed between Weihe River and Jinghe River. Jinghe River, Qingshui River and HULUHE river of the Yellow River system all originate here. The road of Liupan Mountain is tortuous. The mountain is composed of Cretaceous shale and sandstone. The top of the mountain is round, and the hillside is slightly ladder shaped. The road condition is very dangerous. In the past, it took panhuan mountain road six times to reach the top of the mountain, so the name of Liupan Mountain came from it.

climate

Liupan Mountain is a national nature reserve with the characteristics of continental monsoon. It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter. The annual average temperature is 5.8 ℃ and the average precipitation is 680 mm. There are 788 species of higher plants, 26000 hectares of arbor forest, 213 species of wild animals, 905 species of insects, and nearly 150 species of birds on the mountain. Therefore, it has become an important water conservation forest and National Forest Park on the Loess Plateau in Western China, known as "plateau green island" and "natural oxygen bar".

works

Tiger teeth Dragon Ridge from the craggy, Jueshan Long Qin. The cutting road is rugged and leads to the first line, and the driving car turns two wheels. the clouds are far away from the silkworm cluster moon, the wind is strong, the flying horse is full of dust. In the history of the Han Dynasty, we searched for the old relics in Luopan, and found that the town of Lanmin was located in Dongchong. This is a poem by Jin Xisheng, a native of Hunan Province in the late Qing Dynasty, which is recorded in the records of Guyuan Prefecture of Xuantong.

change

summary

Liupan Mountain is tall and majestic. It runs across the three provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. The mountain is steep, the landform is precipitous, the forest is dense and the grass is luxuriant, and there are often wild animals. In addition, the climate is changeable, wet and rainy, foggy in spring and Autumn, and snowy in winter. It brings great difficulties for people on both sides of the mountain to travel, climb and climb. In the Han and Tang Dynasties, the northern route of the eastern section of the Silk Road passed through Liupan. From Chang'an to Lanzhou, whether to walk around the mountains or to cross the mountains for a shortcut almost became a decision that people who passed here had to make. According to the traffic history of Ningxia and other books, there were three passages over the Longshan mountains in ancient times: Lueyang road in the south, Jitou road in the middle and wating road in the north. Lueyang Road, also known as Longdi Road, was opened as early as the pre Qin period. It is one of the earliest roads in Longshan area. Its direction is roughly from Chang'an, through Yong (Fengxiang), along the northwest of Qianshui River Valley, through Shangguan (Huating), Yangcheng (gorge), Fanxu (northwest of Huating), over Xiaolongshan, then through the ancient Lueyang city line, West to Zhuanglang, Qin'an, Tianshui; Jitou road In the 27th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (220 BC), he went out to Longxi County and crossed Liupan Mountain. On the other hand, along the ancient Xiaoguan Road, wating road went up to wating in the north, then to the foot of Liupan Mountain, and then crossed Liupan Mountain along the mountain path to Longde, Jingning, Dingxi, Yuzhong and Lanzhou in the West, Generally, it is the trend of today's Xilan highway. The section of Liupan mountain that this road passes through is the world-famous Liupan bird road. Since ancient times, the road of Liupan Mountain is rugged, and it is difficult to travel to the sky. This can be seen from the legend of "Lu Pan Shan" which spread in Liupan Mountain area. The old monk in the story took the first path on Liupan mountain just because he chased the deer mountain stream, followed the deer trail, dug grass to find the way, and climbed to the top of the mountain. Since then, people called the mountain "deer climbing mountain", and later because the mountain road twists and turns, turned six plates, so it was also called "Liupan Mountain". If you think about it, the path that the old monk stepped out should be the earliest six plate bird path.

Qin and Han Dynasties

But in my opinion, Liupanshan bird road is an image of the ancients to summarize the rugged, dangerous and insurmountable situation of Liupanshan road. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the continuous development of social economy, roads began to connect all over Liupan Mountain, especially the Xiaoguan ancient road and Huizhong ancient road at the foot of the mountain, and the Luopan road and Jitou road passing through the mountain, which were opened in the Qin Dynasty or newly built or widened in the Han Dynasty. Otherwise, the first emperor of Qin and Emperor Wu of Han had visited Liupan Mountain area, how could they drive many cars and "ride from tens of thousands"? From this, we can see that the road construction in Liupan Mountain area is convenient for emperors to "patrol the prefectures" on the one hand, for the imperial court to control the northern frontier fortress on the other hand, and for the common people to go back and forth with food and goods on the other hand. Liupanshan ancient road also appeared in this period, which can be confirmed by Luopan road and Luopan road mentioned in historical records and Hanshu. It's just the road over Liupan Mountain on the line of watingguan. Because of the big mountain, deep ditch and dense forest, there is only one narrow pedestrian path or Chi Road, which is the later Liupan bird road. "Xuantong Guyuan Prefecture records" also said in the "Liupan Bird Road" picture: "Liupan or Yun is the theory of Luopan and Luopan in Hanshu. I think that the ancient mountain is an Ordovician mountain. It is a natural moat to trek through constant difficulties When a mountain rain is about to come, it must be a cloud first. It is sunny and foggy, and it comes out of the clouds with the sound of a wheel. It is also a scene of wind and dust. It's called the bird's way, knowing the strange ear. " It can be seen that Liupan Mountain is high, dangerous, rainy and foggy. When climbing, pedestrians have to take a short rest at miaoerping on the hillside before climbing. Because of the clouds and mists, the descendants can see the soles of their forefathers' feet and the heads of their forefathers. All they can hear is the sound of wheels and whips. It's like the sound of birds singing and magpies. It's called "bird way". It's really wonderful. "Liupan Bird Road" is about from this scene.

Tang dynasty

In the Tang Dynasty, the military strategic position of Liupanshan road was even more important. In the early Tang Dynasty, Yuanzhou (now Guyuan, Ningxia) was once one of the main routes for Turks to enter and leave. After the Anshi rebellion, the whole Gansu Province was under the control of Tubo, and Liupanshan area was trapped in Tubo's sphere of influence for more than 80 years. Until 783 ad, the two sides delimited the boundary through the Qingshui treaty. The northern boundary of the Tang and the Tibetan was from the west of Jingzhou to the west of tanzheng Gorge (sanguankou) in Liupan Mountain area, and the control line of the Tubo was pushed eastward to Liupan Mountain and Longshan mountain. During the hundred years' war with Turks, Tubo and other ethnic minorities, the Tang Dynasty once set up seven passes in Yuanzhou (namely Shimen, Jiangsheng, Liupan, Muxia, Mujing, yizang and guxia), among which liupanguan was located on Liupanshan Road, where officials stationed troops to guard against danger. In those years when the Tubo forces did not invade, officials, soldiers, monks, envoys, merchants and so on crowded along Liupanshan road and Xiaoguan ancient road at the foot of the mountain, which brought a prosperous scene to the green and steep Liupanshan.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

In song and Yuan Dynasties, Liupanshan area received unprecedented attention. In the first year of emperor Tianxi of Song Dynasty, yangmulong city was set up at the West foot of Liupan to serve as a garrison. Later, Longde village was changed. At the foot of Liupan, Deshun Army (now Longde, Ningxia) and Zhenrong Army (now Guyuan, Ningxia) were set up at the level of army and town. They were mutual horns. Therefore, Liupan bird road has been expanded and can be marched. The post stations on both sides of the mountain road are widely spread, and people and horses constantly come and go. The famous battle between Song Dynasty and Xia Dynasty in history took place on the west side of Liupan. When Ren Fu, commander in chief of the song army, led tens of thousands of troops to Zhenrong and Deshun to fight against the Xixia army, he crossed the sixth set, met the enemy, fell into a tight encirclement, and died. Maybe it was through this six set bird path that he climbed to the West and damaged his body for the country. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan and other emperors once stayed here to spend the summer, open the city and build the government, manage six plates, and the six plate bird path played an important role. Because Genghis Khan was in Lund, Bajin, Deshun, on the west side of Liupan Mountain, and then crossed Liupan Mountain in May. Especially after the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the abolition of the post road from Chang'an West to Lintao to Lanzhou, the road became even busier, so that many post stations in Liupanshan "began to chase horses from the red sun, no less than a hundred horses, day and night without a break.".

Ming and Qing Dynasties

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the increase of population, active commerce and frequent military activities. Liupanshan ancient road has been paid more attention to and has become a more open road for chariots and horses. A large number of military materials and civilian products