Horgos City, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Horgos Horgos, belonging to Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the people's Republic of China, is located in the western border of China, bordering Kazakhstan, five Central Asian countries in the West and inland provinces and cities in the East. It is the terminal point of 312 National Highway and Lianhuo expressway. It is 90 km away from Yining City, the capital of Ili Prefecture, 670 km away from Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 378 km away from Almaty, the central city of Central Asia and the former capital of Kazakhstan. The area with a radius of less than 1000 km is the densely populated area, economic development area and market center of Central Asia.

In 2006, China and Kazakhstan jointly established the China Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center, becoming the world's first cross-border free trade zone with a total area of 5.28 square kilometers, including 3.43 square kilometers for China and 1.85 square kilometers for Kazakhstan.

As of 2016, Horgos city has four sub district offices, one ethnic township, one ranch and two fourth division farms of corps. By the end of 2015, the city's total area was 1908.55 square kilometers.

By the end of 2018, the total number of registered residence in the city was 64 thousand and 800 (31 thousand and 600 people in the city and 33 thousand and 200 in the Corps). The total GDP of the whole city (including Corps) was 5 billion 390 million yuan, an increase of 10%, and the GDP per capita was 82923 yuan.

Evolution of organizational system

The name "Horgos" comes from Mongolian (Junggar). The original meaning is "more dry Camel dung", which can also be used as "the best nomadic land". In the second year of shenjue (60bc), Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty established the direct jurisdiction of the western regions, namely, the western regions' Duhufu. Horgos was the jurisdiction of the western regions' Duhufu. in the Tang Dynasty, the government of the Tang Dynasty opened up the Silk Road branch of Tianshan North Road, and Horgos became an important post station on the North Road in the middle of the silk road. in the early Qing Dynasty, it was also a garrison in China, one of the six Kalun garrisons of solun camp in Ili. During the Tongzhi period, after the demarcation of the border between China and Russia, it became a border post, formerly known as nikanka. "Xinjiang Tu Zhi" records: "nikankalun, on the East Bank of the river, is stationed in one inspector and one sentry guard. The west bank belongs to Russia, and there are Russia and Kazakhstan. " In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), representatives of China and Russia signed the "Regulations of trade between Yili and talbahatai" in Yili, officially opening the two ports of Yili and Tacheng, and Horgos was designated as one of the trade channels between China and Russia. In 1881, China and Russia signed the revised regulations of land trade between China and Russia, and Horgos became the official trade port between China and Russia. in 1917, the October Revolution broke out in Russia, and a large number of defeated soldiers of the old Russian Party poured into Xinjiang. The government of the Republic of China repatriated the old Russian soldiers from Horgos port, and then closed the port. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), China and the Soviet Union signed the temporary partial trade regulations of Ili, and the Khorgos port was reopened. During the Anti Japanese War, a large number of materials were imported from Horgos port because of the cut-off of maritime traffic. In 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, a large number of materials were imported from Horgos port because of the cut-off of maritime traffic. after the founding of new China, nikanka was officially renamed as Horgos port, and the foreign trade between the two sides has been nationalized. Because of its superior geographical location, Horgos port has become the largest port in the west of Sino Soviet trade. In 1962, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated, and the Horgos port completely stopped its import and export trade except for maintaining postal service. In December 1981, the State Council approved the resumption of trade between Xinjiang and the Soviet Union and the direct exchange of goods at the border ports, and determined the Huoerguosi port in Northern Xinjiang, which is open to the Soviet Union. On November 16, 1983, with the approval of the State Council, the port of Horgos was officially reopened. In August 1992, the Chinese and Kazakh governments agreed to open the port to a third country, which has the status of international transport. in May 2010, at the central Xinjiang work conference, the central government officially approved the establishment of the Special Economic Zone in Horgos. on June 26, 2014, the State Council issued the "Reply of the State Council on Approving the establishment of county-level Horgos city in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region". The main administrative regions include yichegashan Township and mohur ranch in the former Huocheng County, 61 regiments and 62 regiments of the fourth division of the Corps, and Horgos port. Horgos city is under the jurisdiction of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, and the people's Government of Horgos city is located at No. 3, Longhai Road. administrative divisions

As of 2016, Horgos city has jurisdiction over Kalasu street, Yaou West Road Street, Yaou East Road Street, Industrial Park Street, yichegashan Xibo Township, mohur ranch, 61st regiment of the fourth division of BINGTUAN and 62nd regiment of the fourth division of BINGTUAN. The people's Government of Horgos city is located at 3 Longhai Road. geographical environment

geographical position

Horgos city is located in the western border of China, in the west of Xinjiang Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Kazakhstan, five Central Asian countries in the west, inland provinces and cities in the East, with the center at 80 ° 29 ′ E and 44 ° 14 ′ n. It is the terminal of 312 National Highway and Lianhuo expressway, 670 km away from Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 4825 km away from Shanghai, and the capital of Yili Prefecture Yining city is 90km away from Almaty, the former capital of Kazakhstan, 378km away, and 35km away from yalkent, the nearest city of Kazakhstan.

topographic features

The average altitude of Horgos city is 750-840 meters, the terrain inclines from north to south, the slope is about 1.7%, and the east-west direction is basically parallel to the contour line. Taking Kalasu River as the boundary, the west part of the river is the riverbed of Horgos River, which is a flood plain. The ground is mainly composed of pebbles. The east part of the river is relatively flat, with 1-2m thick sandy clay layer, and the pebble layer below. In Horgos, the maximum snow depth is 30-40 cm, and the maximum frozen soil depth is 92 cm. There are three soil types, six sub types and 18 soil species.

Climatic characteristics

Due to the obstruction of North Tianshan and South Tianshan, the climate of Horgos city is warm and humid. The annual average temperature is 8 ℃, and the frost free period is 179 days. The climate type is continental arid and semi-arid. the average annual precipitation is 203.8 mm, the evaporation is 1877.5 mm, the average annual temperature is 8.9 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 38.5 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 37.4 ℃, the accumulated temperature greater than 10 ℃ is 3911 ℃, the average frost free period is 169.6 days, the general first frost is in late September, and the final frost is in mid April of the next year; the maximum snow depth of each month is 30-40 cm, and the maximum frozen soil depth is 92 cm. The annual sunshine duration is 2250-3000 hours; northeast wind prevails in spring, east wind prevails in summer, and north wind prevails in autumn and winter; northeast wind is the most frequent wind direction in the whole year, followed by spring, summer and winter; the annual average wind speed is 1.7-2.7 M / s.

hydrology

Horgos River, Kalasu River and Dongfeng main canal flow through Horgos City, with abundant water resources. the discharge of Horgos river is 4 m3 / s from December to March, 4-5 m3 / s from April to May 20, and 35 m3 / s from May 20 to July. The maximum flood discharge can reach 200 m3. The water volume begins to decrease from September, 25 m3 / s from September to October, and 8-9 m3 / s from November. Dongfeng main canal is the land irrigation canal in this area, which comes from Horgos river. The flow rate is 1m3 / s in dry season and 9m3 / s in wet season; Kalasu river with flow rate of 3.5m3/s is a seasonal river passing through Horgos port, and the flow rate can reach 6m3 / s in wet season (June July).

natural resources

water resource

The main rivers in Horgos city include Horgos River, Kalasu River and Dongfeng main channel. Horgos river is the main river at the port and also the drinking water source of surface water. The river originates from biezhentao mountain, 4200 meters away from the West Tianshan Mountains. It is formed by melting snow and confluence of rainfall. It can meet the class II standard of environmental quality standard for surface water at all times of the year, and the water quality is good. Kalasu river is the downstream branch of Horgos River, which is close to the southwest edge of the port. The west of the river is an ancient river bed. Because of the upstream water diversion and irrigation, there is no water at ordinary times, so it is only used as a flood discharge river. Dongfeng main canal also comes from Horgos river. It flows through Horgos port along Dongfeng Road. It is a farmland irrigation channel, and the water quality can basically reach the class III standard. among the monitoring points of groundwater in Horgos, the overall water quality is in good condition and is not polluted, which meets the class III standard of "groundwater quality standard".

land resource

About 3030 square kilometers of land with laohuocheng as the center of Horgos city has 650000 mu of arable land, 50000 mu of arable land, 10000 mu of grassland and 60000 mu of water area.

plant resources

There are many kinds of animals and plants in Horgos city. Wild plants include reed, wild hemp, licorice, Fritillaria, Xanthium sibiricum, etc. There are about 186000 mu of natural forest and 250000 mu of artificial forest. There are widely distributed and various wild fruit forests.

mineral resources

Coal reserves are the most abundant in mineral resources of Horgos city.

population

At the end of 2015, the total number of permanent residents in Horgos (including BINGTUAN) was 87200, an increase of 12000 over 2014 and an increase of 14.5 ‰ over 2014. The number of registered residence population is 68 thousand and 900, of which 39 thousand and 100 belong to the city, an increase of 1 thousand and 200 people in 2014 compared with that in 2014, an increase of 17.7 per cent over the same period in 2014. According to the nature of household registration, there are 32500 non-agricultural population, accounting for 47.2%, and 36500 agricultural population, accounting for 52.8%. At the end of 2018, the registered residence population was 6.4.