Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Shaya in Shaya county is the transliteration of "shayar" in Uygur language. Sha means "tribal head"; ya'er means "care", which means "the leader caresses his subordinates".

Shaya is located in the South East of Aksu area, Xinjiang, China, the north of Tarim Basin, the south end of Weigan River Oasis plain, Tianshan Mountain in the north and desert in the south. It is an important passage of the ancient Silk Road and an important part of the ancient kuci state.

Shaya county has a total area of 32000 square kilometers and a total population of 260000 (in 2012). There are 22 ethnic groups, including Uygur, Han and Russian, of which the Uygur is 86%. It is a multi-ethnic county. Shaya County governs five towns, five townships, three farms, one management committee and one bureau run farm (Shaya prison) under the jurisdiction of the autonomous region. The region can be roughly divided into three parts, namely, the Weigan River alluvial fan plain, the Tarim River valley plain and the desert.

Shaya county is one of the four major civilizations in the world. The Han culture of the Central Plains, the Buddhist culture of South Asia, the Persian Arab culture and the Greek and Roman culture blend here. In 2018, the national health county (township) was reconfirmed. On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit of promoting the quality improvement of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county.

Historical evolution

Before it was established, it belonged to Kuqa.

Kuqa is the kingdom of Han kuizi, and Shaya has only one village in the south.

In Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty, it still belonged to kuci, and in Yuan and Ming Dynasty, it belonged to "don't lose Bali".

Qianlong 23 years (AD 1758), in Kuche set up a minister of affairs, and jurisdiction of Shaya. Guangxu eight years (1882) set up Kuche Fumin hall, jurisdiction Shaya. Guangxu 28 years (1902) to build the county, after the county is Aksu road.

In 1922, it was the fourth Office of the high commissioner.

After the peaceful liberation in 1949, it still belongs to Aksu area.

In 2011, yangtak xieher township was established. In 2012, haddun town was established (the town government was officially established on February 25, 2013). On May 26, 2014, the government of the autonomous region (New Deal Letter No. 80) approved the cancellation of gulebage Township and the establishment of gulebage town. So far, the county has jurisdiction over 6 towns and 5 townships.

administrative division

As of 2013, Shaya county has jurisdiction over 4 towns and 6 townships.

On January 9, 2016, the people's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region agreed to abolish the organizational system of hailou Township in Shaya county and establish hailou Town, with its administrative boundaries, government residences and affiliation unchanged. It governs 5 towns and 5 townships.

geographical environment

position

Shaya county is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, East by south of Aksu region. It is located in the north of Tarim Basin, the south end of Weigan River Oasis plain, Tianshan Mountain in the north and desert in the south. Located between 81 ° 45 '- 84 ° 47' e and 39 ° 31 '- 41 ° 25' n, it is 180 km wide from east to west and 220 km long from north to south. Kuqa and Xinhe counties on the southern margin of Tianshan Mountains in the north, a part of Taklimakan Desert in the south, Minfeng and Yutian deserts in Hotan area, Aksu City in the west, and Yuli County in Bazhou in the southeast. The county is 486km away from Urumqi, the provincial capital, and 252km away from Aksu.

topographic features

Shaya county has a vast territory and unique landform, which can be roughly divided into three parts, namely, Weigan River alluvial fan plain, Tarim River valley plain and desert.

The desert is located in the south, covering an area of 25732 square kilometers, accounting for 80.4% of the total area of the county. The Tarim River runs through the whole county from west to East in the middle and north of Shaya county. The county is divided into North and south parts. The north part is the plain area of the lower reaches of the Weigan River alluvial fan, which is the agricultural and population concentrated area of Shaya county. It covers an area of 880 square kilometers, accounting for 2.75% of the total area.

climate

Shaya county belongs to the edge climate zone of warm temperate desert. It is greatly affected by the desert of Baicheng, Kuqa and other neighboring counties in the north and Taklimakan Desert in the south. The county has abundant sunshine, abundant heat, scarce precipitation, dry climate, large temperature difference between day and night, and the main wind direction is north wind or northeast wind. The annual average sunshine time is 3031.2 hours, the longest in July is 308.3 hours, the daily average is 9.9 hours, and the shortest in January is 202.5 hours, the daily average is 6.58 hours. The average temperature in Shaya county is 10.7 ℃, the maximum temperature in July is 24.9 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 41.6 ℃, and the minimum temperature is - 28.7 ℃. The average annual precipitation is 47.3 mm, the average annual evaporation is 2000.7 mm, the evaporation is 42.3 times of the precipitation. There is more precipitation in summer. The first snow day appears at the end of December at the earliest, and the last snow day is on February 21 at the latest. The maximum snow depth is 10 cm. The early frost usually appears around March 30, and the late frost appears at the end of October.

Population nationality

As of 2013, Shaya county has a total population of 260000, including 22 ethnic groups including Uygur, Han, Hui, Dongxiang, Zhuang, Mongolian, Russian and Kazak.

natural resources

land resource

As of 2011, the total land area of Shaya county is 3195514.88 hectares, including 46666.67 hectares of cultivated wasteland, 213333 hectares of forest and animal husbandry; among 51897.73 hectares of cultivated land, 20000 hectares of medium and low yield land. Natural grassland accounted for 99.96% of 242783.14 hectares of grassland. Among 154342.83 hectares of woodland, 3200 hectares of farmland shelterbelt, accounting for 2.07%. Shrubbery accounted for 22.45%, open forest accounted for 16.43%.

Forestry resources

There are grassland and woodland in the two river basins of Shaya County, and there are 3.4 million mu of Populus euphratica forest on both sides of Tarim River, which is a key national Populus euphratica forest reserve. There are 545200 cubic meters of live timber.

water resource

The average annual storage of groundwater in Shaya Weigan River Plain is 200 million cubic meters. The exploitation of groundwater in the alluvial plain of Tarim River is 121 million cubic meters. There are four lakes, which are concentrated on both sides of the Tarim River, most of which are saline water.

mineral resources

The Taklimakan Desert in Shaya county is rich in oil and natural gas. The exploration has been carried out in Ying1, ying202, ying6, Hongqi 101, Donghe 4, Donghe 4 and Hade Oilfield. The annual oil production of Hade Oilfield has reached 1.5 million tons.

Animal resources

In Shaya County, there are wild camels, red deer, foxes, yellow sheep, wild boars, hedgehogs and muskrats. There are more than ten species of birds under the state protection, including pelican, black stork, swan, great bustard and little bustard.

plant resources

Shaya county has the largest Populus euphratica forest in Xinjiang. In the Populus euphratica forest grow licorice, Dayun and other crude drugs, as well as wild watermelon, pingcheqian and so on.

Economics

executive summary

In 2013, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Shaya county was 4.44 billion yuan, an increase of 13.4% over 2012. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 1385 million yuan, an increase of 8.0% over 2012; the added value of the secondary industry was 1043.48 million yuan, an increase of 24.8% over 2012; the added value of the tertiary industry was 2009.96 million yuan, an increase of 12.1% over 2012. The proportion of three industries is 31.2 to 23.5 to 45.3. The per capita GDP is 16515 yuan.

primary industry

In 2013, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Shaya county was 2.749 billion yuan, an increase of 10.28% compared with 2012. Among them, agricultural output value was 2.315 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over 2012; forestry output value was 52 million yuan, an increase of 5.85% over 2012; animal husbandry output value was 298 million yuan, an increase of 25.25% over 2012; fishery output value was 04.7 million yuan, an increase of 6% over 2012; agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service industry output value was 80 million yuan, an increase of 32.93% over 2012.

the secondary industry

In 2013, the industrial added value of Shaya county was 719.81 million yuan, an increase of 30.35% compared with 2012. The added value of industries above designated size was 698.04 million yuan, an increase of 35.2% over 2012. Among them, the light industry was 163.17 million yuan, 8.3% lower than that in 2012, and the heavy industry was 53.48 million yuan, 56.7% higher than that in 2012.

the service sector; the tertiary industry

In 2013, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Shaya county was 784.716 million yuan, an increase of 15.1% over 2012. According to the location of operation, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in urban market reached 603.398 million yuan, an increase of 15.4% over 2012, and that in rural market reached 181.318 million yuan, an increase of 14.0% over 2012. According to the consumption pattern, the retail sales of goods reached 623.573 million yuan, an increase of 14.1% over 2012, and the catering revenue reached 161.143 million yuan, an increase of 18.7% over 2012.

In 2019, Shaya county will vigorously promote the strategy of "revitalizing the county through tourism" and the mode of "tourism +", making rural tourism a new highlight of Rural Revitalization. By the end of August 2019, Shaya county has received 290400 tourists.

social undertakings

education

As of 2013, there are 167 schools in Shaya County, including 15 middle schools and 101 primary schools, with a total of 48241 students. Among them, there are 14553 middle school students and 24872 primary school students. There are 3275 teaching staff in Shaya County, including 1025 full-time teachers in middle schools and 1651 full-time teachers in primary schools. The enrollment rate of school-age children is 98%, and the gross enrollment rate from primary school to junior high school is 9