Akesai Kazak Autonomous County, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province

Aksai Kazak Autonomous County (Aksai County for short) is subordinate to Jiuquan City, Gansu Province. It is located at the intersection of Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang. It is the only ethnic minority autonomous county with Kazak as the main body in Gansu Province and one of the three Kazak Autonomous Counties in the people's Republic of China.

Aksai County covers a total area of 31000 square kilometers, with an average altitude of 3200 meters. It governs three townships and one town. There are 11 ethnic groups in Aksai County, including Kazak, Han, Hui, Uygur, Salar and Tibetan, with a total population of more than 10600 (2014), of which more than 3700 (2014) are Kazak, accounting for 34.8% of the total population. The available grassland area of the county is 14.8 million mu, and the normal annual livestock carrying capacity is 189000 sheep units.

The main rivers in Akesai County include three inland rivers, namely, the big and small halteng River and the Annanba River, with a total drainage area of more than 8560 square kilometers and an annual runoff of 452 million cubic meters. Aksai county is rich in mineral resources, including more than 40 kinds of metal and non-metal deposits, such as gold, copper, iron, asbestos, crystal, serpentine, mica and mirabilite. Aksai county is rich in tourism resources. There are halteng international hunting ground, big and small Sugan Lake migratory birds nature reserve and Annanba wild camel nature reserve.

In December 2017, the State Commission for democracy and people's livelihood named the fifth batch of national demonstration areas for national unity and progress.

Historical evolution

The original Akesai Kazakh Autonomous County is located in boluozhuanjinggou, 2800 meters above sea level, in the impact fan area of Altun mountain. Except for a few people who live in the county, nomadism is the main way of life for the local people.

In 1953, Haizi, to the south of Dunhuang County, was the center of the Preparatory Committee of Aksai Kazak Autonomous Region.

Aksai Kazak Autonomous Region (county level) was established on April 26, 1954, and is stationed in Boluo zhuanjing.

In 1955, it was renamed Akesai Kazak Autonomous County.

In the early days of the founding of the county, the party and the government provided free funds, allocated a large number of daily necessities, and implemented a three-year "supply system" for Aksai.

During the 40 years from 1954 to the early 1990s, the living conditions of herdsmen were still hard, and the problems related to the vital interests of the masses, such as difficulty in drinking, travelling, seeing a doctor and going to school, were not solved.

In the 1990s, the autonomous county Party committee and the county government made the strategic decision of moving the county and settling down the herdsmen, which was highly valued and strongly supported by the State Council and Gansu provincial Party committee and government.

In January 1995, the State Council approved the relocation of Aksai county government from BOLUO zhuanjing town to hongliuwan town.

At the beginning of 1996, the construction of the new County started in an all-round way. The Autonomous County covers an area of 33000 square kilometers.

In 1998, the county was officially moved from BOLUO zhuanjing town to hongliuwan town.

In December 2006, Akesai County merged 6 townships into 3 townships, 13 villages into 10 villages: Tuanjie Township and Jianshe Township into aleteng Township, Heping Township and duobagou Township into Akeqi Township, and Minzhu Township into hongliuwan town.

As of 2014, Aksai county has jurisdiction over 2 townships (Akeqi Township and aleteng township) and 1 town (hongliuwan town), with a total of 14 administrative villages.

administrative division

In 2020, it will have jurisdiction over one town and three townships

Name of division code for statistics

62092410000 hongliuwan town

620924200000 Akeqi Township

620924203000 aleteng Township

620924204000 ayna Township

620924400000 Aksai Industrial Park Management Committee

Population nationality

There are 12 ethnic groups in Aksai County, including Kazak, Han, Hui, Mongolian, Uygur, Salar and Tibetan. By 2014, there were 10600 permanent residents in the county, including 3165 Kazaks, accounting for 36.8% of the total population of the county.

Political system

Main leaders of Aksai county (2021)

geographical environment

Location and region

Aksai Kazak Autonomous County is located at the intersection of Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces (regions), with superior geographical location.

topographic features

Aksai county is surrounded by the deserts of Qaidam Basin and Hexi corridor. Its topography is long and narrow. It is bounded by Dangjin mountain pass. In the west, there are Altyn Mountains. In the East, there are danghenan mountain, Saishiteng mountain, turgendaban mountain in Qilian Mountains. They are distributed in northwest southeast direction. From the mountainous area to the center of the basin, it can be roughly divided into three types: Mountain landform, hilly landform and plain landform.

mountain range

Aksai county is mountainous, and the main mountains are as follows:

(1) Danghe Nanshan is one of the Qilian Mountains. Northwest and Southeast. It starts from Aksai County in the West and ends at Maya snow mountain in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County in the East. It is about 900 km long and 250-300 km wide. The terrain inclines from west to North and decreases slowly. The highest altitude is 5327 meters. There are many canyons and small basins in the mountains, with abundant water and grass. It is a good pasture and many snow mountains. It is a "natural reservoir" in the Hexi corridor.

(2) Yeniuji mountain is located in the south of Danghe mountain. The southern vein of dang'nan province is connected with the northern vein of yeniu ridge. The ridge is about 4000 meters above sea level, and the highest peak is 4904 meters above sea level. The southeast of the ridge is connected with Qinghai Province.

(3) Kaketumongke mountain, located in the middle of yeniuji mountain and turgendaban mountain, is 3592 meters above sea level, Southeast of Jianshe township.

(4) Saishiteng mountain is located in the south of Haizi grassland, and the north slope connects with the South Bank of Haizi. The elevation of the ridge is generally about 3600-4000 meters, and the highest peak is 4576 meters. In the south of the mountain is the Mahai in Qinghai.

(5) Turgen Daban mountain is located in the southeast of Haizi grassland. The altitude of the ridge is about 5000 meters, and the highest peak is 5280 meters.

(6) Hongshan and Xiaohongshan are located in the north of Altun mountain and the west of duobagou, between duobagou Township and Heping township. According to the relevant historical data, it belongs to xiziting mountain in Han and Tang Dynasties. Dahongshan sea is 2640 meters high and Xiaohongshan sea is 2052 meters high.

climate

Aksai county is surrounded by the deserts of Qaidam Basin and Hexi Corridor, and the climate is obviously different in cold, hot, dry and wet. The average annual temperature is below 3.9 ℃. The coldest air temperature is in January, with an average temperature of - 9-20 ℃. The hottest air temperature is in July, with an average temperature of 11-16 ℃. The average annual rainfall is 18.8-176mm, while the annual evaporation is 1800-2500 mm.

natural resources

mineral resources

Akesai Kazak Autonomous County is rich in mineral resources, including more than 40 kinds of metal and non-metal deposits such as gold, copper, iron, asbestos, crystal, serpentine, mica, sodium silicate, etc. In particular, asbestos reserves are the largest, more than 45 million tons, with an annual output of about 200000 tons, accounting for half of China's asbestos production and sales. Asbestos is the pillar industry of the Autonomous County.

The main mineral resources available for development and utilization in Akesai Kazak Autonomous County are huashigou Copper Polymetallic Mine, Dahongshan granite facing stone mine, Annanba asbestos mine, Xiangyang Coal Mine, mobar coal mine, yandantu lead zinc mine, yandantu rare earth mine, daebotu dolomite mine, kushuiquan manganese mine, Hongliugou iron mine, Annanba iron mine, etc. Hongliugou asbestos mine, changcaogou limestone mine, etc. According to the proved mineral reserves, the dominant minerals in Akesai county are asbestos, copper, limestone, granite, mirabilite, dolomite, sandstone, clay, etc.

water resource

Aksai is rich in water resources, but it is rarely used. There are mainly surface runoff, lake water and groundwater. Glaciers and precipitation are only used as recharge areas for various kinds of water. There are eight major inland rivers, including dahaerteng River, xiaohalteng River, Annanba River, qilike River, Sugan River, xigaisu River, jiarenbuli River and nuhutu river. Dahaerteng River, xiaohalteng River, Annanba River and qilike River, whose drainage area is more than 200 square kilometers. All the rivers in the middle and lower reaches of dahaerteng River and xiaohalteng River infiltrate into Gobi and form subsurface flow, which is exposed in huahaizi and flows into dalike river Xiaosugan lake.

land resource

The soil in Akesai county is divided into 10 soil types and 14 sub types. The main types of soil are aeolian sandy soil, gray brown desert soil and saline soil, followed by meadow soil, meadow swamp soil, alpine cold desert soil, alpine desert soil, alpine grassland soil, subalpine grassland soil and coarse bone soil.

Aksai county can use grassland area of 14.8 million mu, normal annual livestock carrying capacity of 189000 sheep units.

vegetation

Aksai county is located in the desert climate zone, surrounded by the existence of modern glaciers in high mountains. From flat to high mountains or from steep mountains to low valley basin, the vegetation is regionally consistent, with strong zonality, mainly arid and deep-rooted super xerophytic vegetation. There are 26 families, 104 genera and 214 forage species in the region.

Economic overview

overview

Aksai county is rich in mineral resources, is a relatively rich area of resources, industry occupies a large share in the economy. Since the reform and opening up, Aksai county has been constantly adjusting its industrial structure and optimizing its economic structure. In particular, at the end of the eleventh five year plan, Aksai county has put forward the development strategy of focusing on three major industries, namely, comprehensive utilization of resources, modern agriculture and animal husbandry, and national tourism, and accelerating the cultivation of five major industrial clusters. New breakthroughs have been made in the adjustment of economic structure. The structure of the three industries was adjusted from 32.5:6.5:61 in 1964 to 3.7:65.3:31 in 2013, and the internal structure of the three industries was gradually optimized.

In 2013, the GDP of Aksai County reached 1308.47 million yuan, 374 times higher than that of 3.49 million yuan in 1978, and the per capita GDP increased from 19.8 million yuan to 1.9 million yuan