Zhidan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

Zhidan County, belonging to Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, is located in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau in the north of Shaanxi Province. It is connected with Ansai District in the East, Wuqi County and Jingbian County in the northwest, Ganquan County and Fuxian County in the southeast, and Heshui county and Huachi County in Gansu Province in the southwest. It is between 108 ° 11 ′ 56 ″ - 109 ° 3 ′ 48 ″ E and 36 ° 21 ′ 23 ″ - 37 ° 11 ′ 47 ″ n, with a total area of 3781 square kilometers.

Zhidan County, formerly known as Baoan County, was renamed Zhidan County in June 1936 in memory of General Liu Zhidan, the "leader of the masses and national hero". In July 1936, the Chinese Soviet Central People's government founded Zhidan as its capital. The Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao lived here for more than six months, known as the "red capital" of the Chinese revolution. There are more than 760 remains of Longshan culture and qinzhidao. The former site of Baoan revolution, martyr Liu Zhidan's cemetery and the former site of Hongda are the on-site teaching site of Yan'an Cadre College of China, the national key cultural relics protection unit and the national key martyr memorial building protection unit. The real seated statue of jiuwushan Taoist clay figurine is known as "unparalleled in Shaanxi and rare in China". This is also the place where Ding Ling initiated and approved the establishment of the "China literature and Art Association".

In 2019, Zhidan County governs one street and seven towns with a permanent resident population of 14582500, realizing a GDP of 16.155 billion yuan. In terms of industries, the added value of the primary industry is 776 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 12.468 billion yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 2.911 billion yuan. The proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP is 4.8:77.2:18, and the per capita GDP is 110363 yuan.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

In March 1936, Liu Zhidan led the 28th Red Army to take part in the eastern expedition. He crossed the Yellow River from luoyukou to the northwest of Shanxi Province to conquer the enemy. On April 14, he died when he attacked Sanjiao Town, Zhongyang County, Shanxi Province. He was only 33 years old. On April 24, the CPC Central Committee held a memorial meeting in Wayaobao to mourn General Liu Zhidan. In June of the same year, the CPC Central Committee decided to change Baoan County into Zhidan County.

History of construction

During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Zhidan County was inhabited by Xirong and its branch, the dog Rong.

In the spring and Autumn period, Zhidan County was the residence of Baidi tribe.

During the Warring States period, Zhidan County was the junction of Xirong and Jin. To the west of Luohe River is the territory of yiqurong state of Xirong tribe; to the east of Luohe River is Jin Dynasty.

In the 26th year of king an of Zhou Dynasty (376 BC), after the three princes of Han, Zhao and Wei divided the Jin Dynasty, the east of Luohe belonged to the state of Wei and was under the jurisdiction of gaonu county.

In 221 BC, the first emperor of Qin unified China and divided the whole country into 36 counties. Zhidan County still belongs to Shangjun and Beidi county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, gaonu county was located in the eastern part of Shangjun County, and guide county was located in the western part of Beidi county.

In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, it was occupied by Xiongnu in 189.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, first it was Zhao Shangjun, then it was pre Qin Shangjun, and then it was post Qin land.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, guangluo County belonged to Jinming County of xiazhou in the north and Yincheng County in the southeast.

In the third year of kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (583), prefectures were set up under the jurisdiction of Jinming county and Yincheng county. In the third year of Daye (607), the county system was restored, and Yan'an Prefecture was changed into Yan'an Prefecture, which was still under the jurisdiction of the county.

In the second year of Wude (619), Yongan county was established, belonging to Beiwu Prefecture. In the second year of Zhenguan (628), the counties under the jurisdiction of Beiwu prefecture were abolished and merged into Jinming County, and Jincheng county was in the southeast.

In the 14th year of Zhengyuan (798), the Shence army was established, and then Yongkang town was established.

In 977, Taizong of the Song Dynasty set up a security army, which was equivalent to the local administrative establishment of xiazhou, but not the county. Military rule in today's Zhidan County, Yongxing military road. Gaozongjianyan four years (1130), security to the gold, construction is still.

In the 11th year of Jin Dading (1171), the Baoan army was abolished and Baoan county was established, belonging to Yan'an Prefecture. Dading 22 years (1182), the county was upgraded to the state, still lead the county, belongs to the Minyan road.

Yuan Shizu to Yuan six years (1269), demoted to county, security county belongs to Yan'an Road.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was still Baoan County, belonging to Yan'an Prefecture.

In 1913, Yan'an Prefecture was abolished and Baoxian county was under its jurisdiction.

In February 1934, the Shaanxi Gansu border Revolutionary Committee was established in xiaoshiya. Yizhengchuan, wubaochuan, baibaochuan, jiaozhachuan and other places in the west of Baoan county were opened up as Soviet areas, belonging to the Shaanxi Gansu border area.

In November 1935, the Northwest Office of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet people's Republic of China was established, which led the two provinces of Northern Shaanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu, and the two special zones of Guanzhong and Shenfu. Baoan county belongs to northern Shaanxi Province.

In September 1937, the government of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region was established, directly under the central government of Zhidan County.

In December 1942, there were five divisions in the border area of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. Zhidan County belonged to Yanzhi district.

In 1949, the Northern Shaanxi administrative office was established, governing Zhidan County.

In February 1950, it was under the jurisdiction of Yan'an special region.

In December 1958, Wuqi County was merged into Zhidan County.

In September 1961, Wuqi County was divided according to the region at the time of merger.

administrative division

Division evolution

In September 1961, the six communes originally managed by Wuqi County were separated and Wuqi County was restored. Zhidan County carried out zoning adjustment, built five communes, restored one commune, and governed 13 communes including Houshi, Chengguan, Shuanghe, Santai, Yongning, Xinghe, zhangqu, shunning, Zhifang, Jinding, Wubao, Danba, Yizheng, etc.

In August 1964, Chengguan town was established.

In October 1965, Santai commune was abolished.

In 1971, urban communes were restored.

In September 1972, Houshi commune was merged into Xinghe commune.

In 1980, Houshi commune was restored.

In August 1983, Zhidan County set up Chengguan Township (later renamed Zhouhe township) in Chengguan commune.

In March 1984, Zhidan County completed the separation of government and society, forming the administrative structure of county, township (town) and village.

By the end of 1995, there were 13 townships (3 towns, 10 townships), 189 villages and 5 communities in Zhidan County.

In 1998, shunning township was changed into shunning Town, Yongning Township into Yongning Town, and Jinding Township into Jinding town. After the adjustment, Zhidan County has jurisdiction over 6 towns, 7 townships and 191 administrative villages.

In 2001, Zhouhe township was abolished and merged into Baoan Town, Houshi township was abolished and merged into Xinghe town.

In 2011, Wubao Township and Yizheng Township were merged to establish Yizheng Town, Zhifang township was merged into shunning Town, zhangqu township was merged into Xinghe town.

In June 2015, Baoan town of Zhidan County was abolished and Baoan sub district office was established; Shuanghe township was abolished and Shuanghe town was established.

Current situation of regionalization

In 2019, Zhidan County governs one street and seven towns. Zhidan County People's Government in Baoan street.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhidan County is located in the north of Shaanxi Province. Its geographical coordinates are between 108 ° 11 ′ 56 ″ - 109 ° 3 ′ 48 ″ E and 36 ° 21 ′ 23 ″ - 37 ° 11 ′ 47 ″ n. It is connected with Ansai District in the East, Wuqi County and Jingbian County in the northwest, Ganquan County and Fuxian County in the southeast, and Heshui county and Huachi County in Gansu Province in the southwest, with a total area of 3781 square kilometers.

geological structure

Structural features

The geological structure of Zhidan County belongs to the Northern Shaanxi basin in the Ordos platform of North China platform. Structurally, it is a monoclinic warping structure in Northern Shaanxi with Yan'an area as the center, with a large slope of high in the East and low in the West. On this slope, from the east of Jingbian to the southeast of Zhidan via erjiapan, to the east of dunliang via caoxinzhuang, to the heishuisi in the west of Zhiluo town via Shima River, and to the west of Qingyang area via the east of Ziwuling, it is a syncline structure of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia depression. The east wing of syncline is steep and the west wing is gentle. The exposed stratum of syncline axis is in the upper layer of Huanhe layer of Baoan Group. The peak line of the east wing of the syncline, that is, the west edge of the monocline, lies in Zhidan, Taibai and Ziwu. Zhidan is a high gravity uplift area, which is about the southwest extension part of Hengshan uplift. The secondary structures of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia marginal depression in Yan'an area are Zhidan uplift and Wuqi depression. Before Mesozoic, the geological development and North China platform were up and down together. The basement of Zhidan is the southward extension of Dongsheng uplift. In Mesozoic, the Northern Shaanxi basin became an inland lake basin. There are huge continental clastic deposits in the basin. The Yanshanian movement at the end of the lower Cretaceous uplifted the basin in an all-round way. Therefore, the Mesozoic strata in the county were not affected by obvious faults and folds, and the strata were gentle and weak, with only local uplift and subsidence. During Pliocene, the platform subsided again, accumulating Pliocene tridactyl red clay layer and a very thin layer of Lake Basin mudstone deposition. The Himalayan movement at the end of Pliocene uplifted the Northern Shaanxi basin and formed a plateau.

Stratigraphic structure

The exposed strata in Zhidan County can be divided into bedrock strata and loess like accumulation materials.

topographic features

Geomorphic types

Zhidan County is located in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi. Luo, Zhou and Xing rivers run through the county from northwest to Southeast. The terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast according to the river flow direction. The altitude is 1093-1741 meters. Guodaliang in Zhifang Township in the west is 1741 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the county; the riverbed at the exit of malaozhuang Luo river in Yongning Township in the southwest is 1093 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in the county, with a relative height difference of 648 meters.

The landform of Zhidan County belongs to the Loess Hilly Gully Region with the main body of Liangmao. Due to the long-term erosion, especially the water erosion cutting, the remarkable features of the county landform are as follows: