Cuona County, Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Cuona County, Cuona County, Tibetan: མཚ༘་སྣ་ྫོང་།, meaning "in front of the lake". It is subordinate to Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region of the people's Republic of China. The county under the jurisdiction of Shannan city is located at the southern end of Tibet Autonomous Region and the southern foot of Himalayas, between east longitude 91 ° 28 ′ - 94 ° 22 ′, and north latitude 26 ° 25 ′ - 28 ° 27 ′. It is one of the border counties of Tibet Autonomous Region, bordering on Indo zhanluo Yu in the East, Bhutan in the West and India in the south. According to the second land survey, the total land area of the county is 35191.23 square kilometers.

In 2013, the gross output value of Cuona county was 356.19 million yuan, the investment in fixed assets was 528.27 million yuan, the fiscal revenue was 12.94 million yuan, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 53.39 million yuan, the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 5986 yuan, and the tax revenue was 21.82 million yuan. A total of 8886 domestic and foreign tourists were received throughout the year, generating 5.19805 million yuan. As of 2010, Cuona county has jurisdiction over one town, five townships and four ethnic townships, with a total population of 15277. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

History of construction

Cuona means "in front of the lake" in Tibetan.

During the Tubo Dynasty, Cuona was under the jurisdiction of yoru.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of zayouwawanhu.

In 1354, the local government of Pazhu established a clan in Cuona, which belongs to Cuona clan.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912 AD), the local government of Tibet set up Jiqiao, also known as Luoji, in Shannan. It was stationed in Zedang and governed 13 sects. The Cuona sect belongs to Shannan Jiqiao.

Before the democratic reform, Cuona was under the jurisdiction of lokha (Shannan) Jiqiao, while most of menyu was illegally occupied by India after the Sino Indian War in the first half of the 20th century.

In 1952, it belonged to the CPC Jiangzi sub working committee.

August 29, 1956, belongs to Shannan Jiqiao office.

On May 5, 1959, two cases (counties) of Cuona Zong and Derang Zong merged to establish Cuona county. The people's Government of Cuona county was established, and the county government was stationed in Cuona Town, belonging to Shannan Commissioner's office.

On March 29, 1969, it belonged to the Revolutionary Committee of Shannan region.

In October 1978, it belonged to Shannan District administrative office.

In February 2016, it is a prefecture level Shannan city.

Division evolution

In 1959, Cuona county established Xuexia Township, Juela Township, zhadong Township, Jisong Township, Kada Township, kuju Township, quzhuomu Township, kuomai Township, Lanpu Township and Dongga township; in the same year, it set up Dongga, Xuexia and lebu districts. Loeb district was established (the district office is located in Mama Township, bordering bhutan in the West and south, which is the main area of China's Menba nationality). When it was established, it had jurisdiction over five townships, namely Mama Township, gongri Township, Le Township, Semu Township and Jiba township.

In May 1962, it was transferred from Jiangzi area to Shannan area.

In June 1962, Juela District of Longzi county was put under the jurisdiction of Cuona county.

In 1970, Cuona County governed Juela Township, zhadong Township, Kada Township, Dongga Township, koumai Township, Lanpu Township, mama Township, gongri Township, Le Township, Semu Township and Jiba township to build communes.

In 1988, the commune of Cuona county was transformed into a township. Among them, kuju Township changed to commune in 1970 and then to township in 1987; quzhuomu Township changed to commune in 1969 and then to township in 1987; Xuexia Township changed to Cuona commune in 1970 and then to township in 1988; Jisong Township changed to Qingshan commune in 1970 and then to Jisong Township in 1988.

In 1987, Cuona County withdrew districts and merged townships. The county has jurisdiction over one district and 14 townships: LEBU district (governing four townships of mama, gongri, Jiba and le), Cuona Township, Juela Township, zhadong Township, Jisong Township, Kada Township, kuju Township, quzhuomu Township, Dongga Township, Lampu Township and koumai township. The county government is stationed in Cuona township. (67 administrative villages).

In 1997, Cuona County covers an area of 34872 square kilometers (including the menyu area south of the McMahon line illegally occupied by India), with an actual control area of 10405 square kilometers. It governs one district (lebu District), 14 townships (Cuona Township, Juela Township, zhadong Township, Jisong Township, Kada Township, kuju Township, quzhuomu Township, Dongga Township, Lampu Township, koumai Township, etc.) and 68 villages.

In 1999, Cuona County abolished Cuona Township and Jisong Township and established Cuona town; abolished Dongga Township and kuemai Township and merged them into quzhuomu township; abolished zhadong Township and merged them into Juela township.

In 2000, Cuona county had one office, one town, nine townships, two neighborhood committees and 23 administrative villages.

In 2004, Cuona county had one district office, 14 townships and 67 villagers' committees.

Jurisdiction in 2005: Cuona Township, Juela Township, zhadong Township, Jisong Township, quzhuomu Township, Kada Township, kuju Township, Dongga Township, Lanpu Township, kuomai Township, LEBU district.

In 2008, Cuona County covers an area of more than 34900 square kilometers, with jurisdiction over one town, nine townships, two neighborhood committees and 22 administrative villages.

In 2010, Cuona county has jurisdiction over Cuona Town, lemenba Ethnic Township, gongrimenba Ethnic Township, Jiba Ethnic Township, mamanba Ethnic Township, kuju Township, quzhuomu Township, langpo Township, Juela Township and Kada Township, including 1 town, 4 ethnic townships and 5 townships.

In 2013, Cuona county had one office, one town, five townships and four ethnic townships, including lebu office, Cuona Town, lemenba Township, gongrimenba Township, jibamenba Township, mamanba Township, kuju Township, quzhuomu Township, Langbo Township, Juela Township and Kada township. Four ethnic townships are managed by Loeb office. The county government is stationed in the Cuona neighborhood committee of Cuona town.

administrative division

As of 2010, Cuona county has jurisdiction over 1 town, 5 townships and 4 ethnic townships. There are 2 communities, 23 administrative villages and 55 villager groups. The county people's government is stationed in Cuona community, Cuona town.

geographical environment

Location context

Cuona county is located in the southern tip of Tibet Autonomous Region and the southern foot of the Himalayas. In the East, it is separated from Motuo County (Luoyu area in India) and the lower reaches of baxiaqu in the West. In the north, it is connected with Longzi county and cuomei county. In the west, it is connected with Bianba township of Loza county and sun heizong, tashang Zong, Tashigang Zong, Qiye, sakting, ruoli, daxitanze of Bhutan kingdom. In the south, it is bounded by the junction of mountains and plains. In this section of the border, the traditional boundary line between China and India runs along the foot of the southern foothills of the Himalayas. The boundary between Cuona county and Assam state of India starts from the junction of China, Bhutan and India to the south of amatura in Cuona County, to the east of qulabari in Bhutan Kingdom, to the north of udaguri in Assam state (altitude: 136m), and to the west of bataibaili. It passes through the North of bataibaili to the East, the panai River to the south of Mount Vodka (altitude: 549m), and turns to the southeast to the south of balukpang To the north of Chadao, it crosses the boroli River, then turns to the East, to the south of xihaose, to the north of mijika, to the west of balgon River and Bula River, along palikin River, chinpu River, to the west of bipuragon, to the north of the boundary line, to the East of bandador, to the east of doimuk, to the west of nizarluk, to the northeast, and to the exit of hamderi River to the south of kiming (India) Langa River), the boundary line along the mountain and plain junction zone, northeast to the north of lungmuk, Bini, piyimuk (altitude 1987 meters) south of Cuona County, Motuo County, Assam at the junction of the three places at the exit of Xiba Xiaqu (India's subancili River). Cuona county is one of the border counties in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The urban area of the county is 4380 meters above sea level, 400 kilometers away from Lhasa, the capital of the autonomous region, and 220 kilometers away from Zedang Town, the seat of Shannan municipal government. The county's border line is 268 kilometers long, including 213 kilometers with India, 55 kilometers with China and Africa, covering an area of 34979 square kilometers, including the menyu area south of India's "McMahon line". Now the actual control area is about 10094 square kilometers. The county center is located at 91 ° 57'55 "E and 27 ° 59'53" n.

topographic features

Cuona county belongs to the Himalayan region in the original Lake Basin valley of southern Tibet. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, with a relative elevation difference of more than 7000 meters. The highest altitude is 7060 meters, and the lowest altitude is 18 meters. To the north of kanggeduo mountain is plateau mountain area, with an average altitude of more than 4000 meters, and to the south, the altitude decreases.

Climatic characteristics

The Himalayas run across Cuona county. The southern Indian occupied area has a humid and semi humid climate in subtropical mountains, and the central and Northern Himalayas have a plateau alpine climate. The annual sunshine hours are 2589 hours, the annual frost free period is only 42 days, and the annual precipitation is 384.3 mm. The annual average temperature is - 0.6 ℃, and it is cold all the year round, which is a Typical Alpine county. The climate of Cuona county can be roughly divided into two types: humid and semi humid climate of Subtropical Mountain in the southern foot of Himalayas and alpine climate of Plateau in the northern foot of Himalayas. The former is characterized by wet and rainy, short sunshine and unclear dry and rainy seasons; the latter is characterized by dry and rainy, long sunshine, cold all year round, windy weather in winter and spring and frequent snow disasters. The warm season is short and cool, with more rainfall and small temperature difference between day and night. The average temperature of the hottest month is 7.8 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 18 ℃ (September 3, 2007); the cold season is long and cold, with more wind and snow, and large temperature difference between day and night. The average temperature of the coldest month is - 10 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 37 ℃ (December 20, 1981).

natural resources

land resource

According to the second land survey, as of the end of 2009, the total land area of Cuona county was 3.5191 million hectares, including 49900 hectares of cultivated land, 2.6662 million hectares of forest land, 355900 hectares of grassland, 9200 hectares of urban, rural, industrial and mining land, 18000 hectares of transportation land, 87400 hectares of water area and water conservancy construction land, and 348800 hectares of other land. (Note: there is no garden in Cuona county.)