Maoxian County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Maoxian county is a county under the jurisdiction of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. It is located in the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the northwest of Sichuan Province and the southeast of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. Its geographical coordinates are 102 ° 56 ′～ 104 ° 10 ′ E and 31 ° 25 ′～ 32 ° 16 ′ n. It crosses the upper reaches of Minjiang River and Fujiang River. It is 116.62 km long from east to west, 93.73 km wide from north to South and covers an area of 3903.28 km square kilometre.

By the end of 2019, Mao County has jurisdiction over 11 towns, 149 administrative villages and 3 neighborhood committees, with a total population of about 110000. It is the largest county inhabited by Qiang Nationality in China. Besides Qiang nationality, there are 17 ethnic groups, including Han nationality, Tibetan nationality and Hui nationality.  

On July 31, 2018, the Sichuan provincial government approved Mao County to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

Evolution of organizational system

Maoxian County, developed by the ancient Qiang people of "shushandi" in the upper reaches of Minjiang River from the Shang Dynasty to the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, is the main settlement area of the ancient ethnic minorities such as Ranqi.

In the first year of King Wu of Qin Dynasty (310 BC), Jiandi road was established.

In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC) of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty, Wenshan County was set up in the tribal areas of ran and Ju of Diqiang people, and five counties were set up, namely Mian County, Wenjiang County, guangrou County, Canling county and Jiandi county. Wenjiang county and Canling county are located in Fengyi town and Diexi town.

During the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wenjiang road was set up. In the third year of the reign of emperor andiyong (109), it was changed into the Duwei of Guanghan, and Wenshan County was set up during the reign of emperor Lingdi.

During the Shuhan period of the Three Kingdoms, Mianhe still set up Wenshan County and changed Wenjiang road to Wenjiang county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, the county was transferred to Mianhe County, and Wenjiang county was changed to Guangyang county.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wenshan County was still established and Guangyang county was abolished.

During the Southern Qi Dynasty, the northern Duwei was restored in Fengyi town.

Liang ordinary three years (522), set up the rope state, leading Wenshan, two counties in the north. Fengyi town is the state, county and county governance of Shengzhou, Beijun and Guangyang county.

In the Western Wei Dynasty, Shengzhou was still established and Gansong county was restored.

In 564, Emperor Wudi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty changed Shengzhou into Wenzhou. It leads the northern and Wenshan counties, and the northern counties lead Guangyang and Beichuan counties.

In 583, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty set up Shuzhou, and in 585, he changed Shuzhou into Huizhou, and set up the general residence of Huizhou and led seven counties. In the first year of Renshou (601), Emperor Wen changed Guangyang County into Wenshan County. In the third year of Yangdi's Daye reign (607), Huizhou and Jizhou joined together to establish Wenshan County, which led to 11 counties, and Wenshan County was the prefecture.

In 618, Wenshan County was changed into Huizhou. Three years (620 years) will set up the state office. In 621, it was changed to Nanhui state. Taizong Zhenguan seven years (633 years) was promoted to dudufu. In 634, Nanhui was changed to Maozhou. Xuanzong Tianbao first year (742), changed to Tonghua County. In the first year of Qianyuan reign of suzong (758), it was restored to Maozhou, belonging to jiannandao, leading four counties of Wenshan, Wenchuan, Shiquan and Tonghua, and 39 Jimi prefectures. In 907, the seventh year of jiantianfu, the king of Shu, before the Five Dynasties, he still set up Maozhou and led four counties.

In Song Dynasty, Tonghua County of Maozhou was still set up, leading two counties and 10 Jimi prefectures. Now Fengyi town is governed by Prefecture, county and Wenshan County, until Yuan Dynasty.

In 1272, the ninth year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to the Xuanwei Department of Tubo. The emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty still set up Maozhou and Lingwen mountain, also known as Wenshan. It was abolished in 1282, and then restored to Wenshan and Wenchuan for two years. Wenshan county (now Fengyi town) is governed by the state.

In the 17th year of Hongwu (1384), Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty still set up Maozhou and led one county, and Wenshan County was incorporated into the prefecture.

At the beginning of Shunzhi period in Qing Dynasty, Maozhou was still set up and attached to Chengdu government. Yongzheng five years (1727), promoted to Zhili Prefecture, is a Songmao Road, leading Wenchuan, Baoxian two counties. In 1831, Maozhou LED 1 county and 12 chieftains in Wenchuan.

In 1913, Maozhou was changed to Maoxian. From 1927 to 1935, it belonged to Songli Maowen tunzhi Supervision Office (Zhidi Fengyi town), and was concurrently supervised by the commander of the 28th army. On May 15, 1935, the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army entered Maoxian county. On May 30, the Maoxian Soviet government of Sichuan and Shaanxi Province of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established in Fengyi Town, with 12 district level or equivalent regimes, 30 township level regimes and 56 village level regimes. In February 1936, the national government set up the 16th district commissioner's office of Sichuan Province in Fengyi Town, which has jurisdiction over Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lipan, MaoGong, Jinghua and Songpan counties.

In January 1950, Maoxian county was liberated. On February 11, Mao County People's government was established in Fengyi town. On February 26, the special office of Mao County was established, which is subordinate to the Western Sichuan administrative office. On New Year's day in 1953, Sichuan Tibetan Autonomous Region was established, with Maoxian County as its capital. In 1954, the Tibetan Autonomous Region of Sichuan Province moved to Shujin temple and renamed Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. On July 7, 1958, Maoxian County, Wenchuan County and Lixian County merged to form Maowen Qiang Autonomous County, with Weizhou town as the county government. In 1963, the organizational system of Wenchuan and Li counties was restored, and the county administration of Maowen Qiang Autonomous County was moved back to Fengyi town. On December 10, 1987, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was renamed Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, and Maowen Qiang Autonomous County was renamed Mao County.

administrative division

By 2019, Maoxian has jurisdiction over 11 towns (Fengyi Town, Nanxin Town, Diexi Town, weimen Town, Goukou Town, Heihu Town, CHIBUSU Town, Shaba Town, wadi Town, Tumen town and Fushun town), 149 administrative villages and 3 neighborhood committees.

geographical environment

Location context

Maoxian county is located in the southeast edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the northwest of Sichuan Province and the southeast of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. It straddles the upper reaches of Minjiang River and Fujiang River. It is adjacent to Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, Anzhou District, Mianzhu City, Shifang City, Pengzhou City, Wenchuan County, Li county and Songpan county. It is 190 km away from Chengdu and 101 km away from Dujiangyan. Its geographical coordinates are 102 ° 56 ′ - 104 E It is 116.62 kilometers long from east to west, 93.73 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 3903.28 square kilometers.

landforms

The eastern part of Maoxian county is located in the middle mountain area. The landform is dominated by high mountains and valleys. The terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast. The mountain peaks are about 4000 meters above sea level, with a relative height of 1500-2500 meters. The main peak of Wannian snow mountain in the west is 5230 meters above sea level, the main peak of shiziwang mountain in the southeast is 4984 meters high, the valley in the lower reaches of Tumen River in the East is 890 meters above sea level, and the county seat is 1580 meters above sea level.

climate

The climate of Maoxian county is affected by the westerly environment and the southwest monsoon of the Indian Ocean, which belongs to the plateau monsoon climate. Due to the great altitude difference, the vertical climate and regional climate are obvious, the local climate is complex, the sunshine is sufficient, the precipitation is less, the climate is dry, windy, the four seasons are obvious, the dry and wet seasons are distinct, the winter is cold, the summer is cool, and the temperature difference between day and night and the regional temperature difference is large. The common disastrous weather includes spring drought and summer drought, rainy in autumn, rainstorm, flood, hail and debris flow in spring and summer. The average annual temperature is 11.0 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 11.6 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 32.2 ℃, the frost free period is 215.4 days, the average annual sunshine is 1549.4 hours, and the annual precipitation is 486.3 mm.

hydrology

Maoxian river system is divided into Minjiang River and Fujiang River. There are more than 170 rivers, including Minjiang River and Heishui River, Tumen River and 25 lakes.

natural resources

land resource

As of 2012, Maoxian county has a total land area of 3903.28 square kilometers, of which 2.61% is cultivated land, 67.5% is forest land, 21.6% is grassland, and 31.3% is forest coverage.

Biological resources

As of 2012, there are 574 species of plants in Maoxian County, and more than 30 species of rare plants, mainly pine, cypress, fir and various broad-leaved trees, growing pilose antler, musk, Cordyceps, Fritillaria, Gastrodia elata and other valuable Chinese herbal medicines. There are about 385 species of wild animals, including 91 species of mammals, 238 species of birds, 23 species of reptiles, 20 species of amphibians and 13 species of fish. Giant panda, red panda, golden monkey, antelope, bison, green tailed pheasant, wild yak, Golden Eagle, antelope and other rare animals are listed as national first class protected animals.

mineral resources

As of 2012, the known minerals in Maoxian are gold, silver, copper, lead-zinc, pyrite, manganese, bauxite, phosphate, limestone, marble, garnet, anthracite, quartz, silica, dolomite, crystal, etc.

Population nationality

By the end of 2012, Maoxian had a total population of 111452, including 56863 males, 54589 females, 83111 agricultural population and 28341 non-agricultural population. In 2012, the natural population growth rate of Maoxian county was 6.49 ‰.

Maoxian is the largest county inhabited by Qiang people in China. The population of Qiang people accounts for 92% of the total population of the county and 30% of the total population of Qiang people in China. In addition to Qiang people, there are 17 ethnic groups including Han, Tibetan and Hui people living in Maoxian.

traffic

The external traffic of Maoxian county is mainly by highway, with national highway 213 and provincial highway 302 running through the whole territory. It is the transportation hub of Aba Prefecture connecting Chengdu, Mianyang and Deyang. It is also the only way to the world natural heritage Jiuzhaigou and Huanglong through the "west route of the ninth Ring Road".

As of 2012, the total mileage of Maoxian highway is 1332.955 km, including 100.5 km of national highway (G213 line), 80.978 km of provincial highway (S302 line, maohei road and Maobei Road), 23.337 km of county highway (Chiwei Road), 86.879 km of 12 township roads and 1008.104 km of 143 village roads