Fengdu County, Chongqing

Fengdu County Fengdu county is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the east of Chongqing, in the heart of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, 172 km away from the nine districts of Chongqing and 476 km away from Yichang, Hubei. In the second year of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Yongyuan, counties were set up separately.

In 2017, the registered residence population of Fengdu county was 823684, with a permanent population of 578 thousand and 600 people, and 21 towns, 7 townships and 2 streets, covering an area of 2901 square kilometers.

In 2017, Fengdu county achieved a GDP of 20657.98 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.3%. Among them, the added value of the primary industry is 3342.83 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 9457.43 million yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 7857.72 million yuan. The ratio of three industrial structures is 16.2:45.8:38.0.

Fengdu County's tourism resources are mainly natural landscape and cultural landscape, mainly including Fengdu famous mountain (National Scenic Spot), Shuanggui mountain (National Forest Park), ghost state Temple (China's largest dynamic cultural landscape), ghost King Stone Carvings (China's largest rock carvings), etc.

In October 2017, Fengdu County passed the national special evaluation and inspection, and was officially approved by Chongqing Municipal People's government to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019. On July 29, 2020, it will be included in the list of national health towns (counties) to be reconfirmed in 2019.

Historical evolution

Fengdu, in the pre Qin period, belongs to the state of Ba.

Fengdu city construction

In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Bajun Zhixian County; in the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yizhou Bajun Zhixian County; in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yizhou Bajun County; from the first year of Xiandi's reign to the fifth year of Jian'an (190-200), it belonged to Yizhou Yongning County. In the second year of Yongyuan (90th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhixian county was divided into Pingdu County, which was the beginning of Fengdu County.

During the Three Kingdoms period, in 254, Pingdu County was merged into Linjiang County, belonging to Ba County of Yizhou.

In Western Jin Dynasty, it belongs to Bajun of Liangzhou; in Chenghan Dynasty, it belongs to Bajun of Jingzhou; in Eastern Jin Dynasty, it belongs to Bajun of Liangzhou.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, it belonged to Yizhou Bajun in the Liu Song Dynasty, Bazhou Bajun in the Southern Qi Dynasty, Linjiang Jun in the southern Liang Dynasty, and Linjiang Jun in the Western Wei Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty.

In the Sui Dynasty, in the third year of kaihuang (583), it belonged to Linjiang County of Linzhou; in the third year of Daye (607), it belonged to Linjiang County of Badong County; in the second year of Yining (618), Emperor Gong set up Fengdu County from Linjiang County, which was subordinate to Linzhou.

In the Tang Dynasty, in the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Li Shannan daozhong Prefecture; in the first year of Tianbao (742), Li Shannan Dongdao Nanbin County; in the first year of Qianyuan (785), Li Shannan Dongdao Zhongzhou; in the Five Dynasties, before and after Shu, Li Zhongzhou.

In the Song Dynasty, song Zhenzong was subordinate to Nanbin County, Zhongzhou, Kuizhou road; Huizong was incorporated into Linjiang County in 1111; Nanning Gaozong was restored to Fengdu County in 1131; duzong was subordinate to Xianchun government in 1265.

In the early Yuan Dynasty, Dianjiang County was attached to Zhongzhou, Chongqing Road, Sichuan Province; in the 21st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1284), Dianjiang County was incorporated into Fengdu; in the 22nd year of Zhizheng Dynasty (1362), Dianjiang was separated from Yuzhen in the Ming Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, Fengdu County was incorporated into Fuzhou in 1377, which belonged to Chongqing government of Sichuan Province. In 1380, Fengdu County was separated from Fuling and renamed Fengdu, which was subordinate to Zhongzhou of Chongqing government.

In the Qing Dynasty, Fengdu County was occupied by Wu Sangui army in the 13th year of Kangxi (1674); Qing army recovered in the 19th year (1680); Lizhong Prefecture and Zhili Prefecture in the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734); and dongdaozhong Prefecture and Zhili Prefecture in the 7th year of Jiaqing (1802).

In 1912, it was attached to Zhongzhou, Sichuan Province; in 1913, it was attached to Dongdao, Sichuan administrative office; in 1914, it was attached to Dongchuan Road, Sichuan patrol envoy office; in 1928, it was attached to Zhili, Sichuan Province; in 1935, it was attached to the eighth administrative supervision district of Sichuan Province.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in 1950, it was subordinate to Fuling District, East Sichuan administrative office; in September 1952, it was subordinate to Fuling District, Sichuan Province; in 1958, the name of Fengdu County was changed to Fengdu; from 1968 to 1995, Fengdu County was subordinate to Fuling District, Sichuan Province; in 1996, Fuling City, Sichuan Province, was established, and Fengdu was subordinate to Fuling City.

In December 1997, Fengdu County was officially under the jurisdiction of Chongqing Municipality.

On November 29, 2020, China will join the Dabashan Grand Three Gorges Cultural Tourism Development Alliance.

geographical environment

Location context

Fengdu county is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the east of Chongqing, between 107 ° 28 ′ 03 ″ - 108 ° 12 ′ 37 ″ E and 29 ° 33 ′ 18 ″ - 30 ° 16 ′ 25 ″ n. The area is 87 kilometers long from north to South and 54 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of 2900.86 square kilometers.

Geology and geomorphology

Fengdu county belongs to the East Chongqing fold belt, which is a NE trending structural belt formed by the relative uplift of Paleozoic, the depression of Mesozoic and the first episode of Himalayan movement of Cenozoic. The anticline is elongated and parallel, steep in the southeast and gentle in the northwest, with asymmetric comb like folds and well-developed axial longitudinal compressive faults. From northwest to Southeast, there are huangcaoshan, jiangjiashan, Fangdoushan, qiyaoshan anticlines, Shetan, Sanyuan, Fengdu and Shizhu synclines. The anticline fold is close and the syncline is wide, which constitutes a typical barrier structure and controls the landform form and distribution. The anticline is long and narrow, and most of them develop into long mountains; the syncline is wide and gentle, and most of them develop into hills, low mountains or flat dams, forming the geomorphic landscape of alternating mountains and valleys. Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic and Jurassic strata are exposed in the county. The Triassic strata are mainly exposed in huangcaoshan and jiangjiashan anticlines, the Permian strata are exposed in the middle of Fangdoushan anticline, and the Cambrian and Ordovician strata are exposed in the axial part of qiyaoshan anticline. Jurassic strata are exposed in Shetan, Sanyuan syncline, Fengdu and Shizhu syncline. In the syncline, purple sandstone, shale and mudstone are mainly exposed, and their weathering speed is fast, forming low mountains, gentle slopes, flat valleys, wide valleys and low hills, accounting for 70.4% of the county area; in the anticline, limestone and dolomite are mainly exposed, forming high mountains, deep ditches and narrow valleys, accounting for 29.6% of the county area.

The landform of Fengdu county is composed of a series of parallel fold mountains. It is mainly in mountainous areas, followed by hills, and there are only small flat dams in valleys. Mountains and hills, and flat dams (troughs and valleys) are alternately distributed, forming a terrain of "high in the South and low in the north," with four mountains and three troughs ". The highest altitude is 2000 meters and the lowest is 175 meters.

Climatic characteristics

Fengdu County has a subtropical humid monsoon climate, with mild climate and abundant rainfall throughout the year. It is hot in summer, hot in summer, rainy in autumn and cold in winter.

River system

The rivers in Fengdu County belong to the Yangtze River system, mainly including the Yangtze River and its tributaries Longhe, Quxi, Bixi, Baishui, xiaofuxi, dashaxi, Langxi, Chixi, muqiexi, Wenxi, Shuangxi, Yuxi, etc.

The Yangtze River runs through the central part from west to East, from majianzi in Fuling county to Dashanxi in Zhongxian County; the Longhe River comes from Shizhu, from jiangchi town into the county, and flows into the Yangtze River at huluxikou, Sanhe street; the Quxi river is the main river on the north bank, from Baishi in Zhongxian County to Zhenxi in Fuling County, and flows into Changjiang River; the Bixi River comes from the northwest foot of jiangjiashan and Dashan In Baohe Town, and flows into the Yangtze River at Baihui.

natural resources

mineral resources

The main mineral resources of Fengdu County are natural gas, bauxite, limestone, dolomite, feldspar quartz sandstone, coal, iron, sulfur, gypsum, etc., followed by copper, zinc, fluorite and barite veins. Among them, the coal reserves are about 1.56 million tons.

Biological resources

There are about 300 species of wild animals in Fengdu County, mainly including about 40 species of mammals in 8 orders, more than 10 families; birds in 12 orders, 15 families, more than 200 species; fishes in 6 orders, 13 families, 54 species. Rare animals include tiger, leopard, black necked Crane, red bellied horned pheasant, Chinese barb, sturgeon, etc.

Fengdu County has more than 170 kinds of natural trees, mainly including Pinus massoniana, cypress, Qinggang, Maliu, Pistacia chinensis, lacquer tree, Liquidambar formosana, banyan, Cunninghamia lanceolata, etc.; more than 10 kinds of bamboo, mainly including cold bamboo, white bamboo, spotted bamboo, Neosinocalamus affinis, dragon head bamboo, water bamboo, winter bamboo, etc.; 1200 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, including 1015 kinds of wild herbs, mainly including ginseng, Gastrodia elata, Ophiopogon japonicus, asparagus, Pinellia ternata, xiangfuzi, Caowu , Sophora flavescens, Stemona, Schisandra chinensis, shujincao, pehu, etc.

Hydropower resources

Fengdu County's annual average transit water volume is 437.18 billion cubic meters, of which the Yangtze River's annual runoff is about 425.8 billion cubic meters. In addition, the annual average flow of Longhe River is 64.9 cubic meters per second, with a theoretical hydropower reserve of 157800 kilowatts; the annual average flow of Quxi river is 13.3 cubic meters per second, with a theoretical hydropower reserve of 5000 kilowatts; the annual average flow of Bixi river is 2.19 cubic meters per second, with a theoretical hydropower reserve of 900 kilowatts.

administrative division

By 2013, Fengdu County has jurisdiction over 21 towns, 7 townships and 2 streets, namely Huwei Town, Shetan Town, Sanyuan Town, xumingsi Town, Dongjia Town, Baohe Town, rensha Town, Xinglong Town, Shuren Town, Shizhi Town, Xingyi Town, Shuanglu Town, Gaojia Town, longkong Town, Jilong Town, Longhe Town, Wuping Town, jiangchi Town, zhanpu Town, baoluan Town, nantianhu Town, shuanglongchang Town, Qinglong Town, Sanhe Town Jianxiang, Sanba, Lizi, Dudu, taipingba, Mingshan and Sanhe have 53 neighborhood committees and 277 villagers' committees.

Population nationality

population

In 2010, the permanent resident population of Fengdu County was 649200, including 327200 males, accounting for 50.40% of the total population; 322000 females, accounting for 49.60% of the total population; and the number of households in Fengdu County was 1