Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County

Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County is one of the national autonomous counties under the jurisdiction of Hainan Province. The county is located in the middle of Hainan Island, at the north foot of Wuzhi Mountain, with tropical marine monsoon climate. There is no severe heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. The average annual temperature is 22.8 ℃. Covering an area of 2704.66 square kilometers, it governs 10 townships, 2 County-Level Forest Farms and 1 county-level farm. In 2012, the population of the county was 228000, of which 45.63% were Li and 6.1% were Miao. Haiyu middle line traverses the whole territory, and the highway network radiates around. It is the north-south and east-west transportation hub of Hainan Island Highway. Qiongzhong is the ecological core area of Hainan. It has the reputation of "the heart of Hainan, the source of three rivers, forest kingdom, the hometown of green orange, and home of LiMiao". It has national and provincial forest areas and protected areas such as Wuzhishan, Limushan, Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling, etc. Qiongzhong green orange is the first protected product of geological mark in Hainan Province.

By the end of 2015, the total population of Qiongzhong County was 177200. In 2017, Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County achieved a GDP of 4.767 billion yuan, an increase of 6.3% year on year

In March 2017, he was shortlisted in the list of "2017 top 100 deep breathing small cities". In November 2019, Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County was named "four good rural road" national demonstration county.

In July 2020, the National Patriotic Health Association decided to name Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County as the national health county in the period of 2017-2019.

Historical evolution

Name source

The name of the county "Qiongzhong" comes from its location in the middle of Qiongdao.

Division evolution

The history of Qiongzhong can be traced back to more than 2000 years ago.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Qiongzhong was under the jurisdiction of zhuya County; in the first year of Tang Zhenguan, it was under the jurisdiction of Qiongshan County, Lingnan road; in the Yuan Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Qiongshan County, Ding'an County, Yuehui county and Wan'an army.

Ming and Qing dynasties belong to Ding'an and Qiongshan counties.

In February 1948, the CPC QiongYa special committee set up Qiongzhong County, which was under the jurisdiction of the CPC QiongYa East District Committee and was located in Pingnan.

It was incorporated into the administrative committee of QiongYa minority autonomous region in March 1949.

In 1952, some neighboring counties were divided into Li territory and Qiongzhong County was restored. It became a county in the hinterland of Wuzhishan and the middle of Qiongdao, adjacent to nine surrounding cities and counties. The name of the county "Qiongzhong" comes from its geographical location.

After July 1952, Qiongzhong County was under the jurisdiction of the people's Government of Hainan Li and Miao Autonomous Region (later changed to autonomous prefecture). In 1956, the county government moved to Gongpo, and in 1959, it moved to Yinggen.

On November 20, 1987, the State Council approved the abolition of Qiongzhong County and the establishment of Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County, which is under the jurisdiction of Hainan administrative region. The county Party committee and county government are located in Yinggen town.

Hainan Province was established in April 1988. Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County is directly under the jurisdiction of Hainan Province.

administrative division

There are 10 towns in Qiongzhong County, including Yinggen Town, Wanling Town, Limushan Town, Hongmao Town, Changzheng Town, Zhongping Town, Heping Town, Shiyun Township, Shangan Township, Diaoluoshan Township, and Xinshi farm. There are also 11 state farms in Yangjiang, Dafeng, Xinjin, Wushi, Lingtou, Nanfang, Xinwei, jiachai, Changzheng, Chengpo and Taiping. In 2008, there were 99 organic villages, 8 communities, 521 natural villages, 626 villager groups and 10 resident groups in the county.

geographical environment

geographical position

Qiongzhong has a unique geographical location. It is adjacent to nine cities and counties including Qionghai, Wanning, Baisha, Danzhou, Lingshui, Baoting, Wuzhishan, Tunchang and Chengmai. It is a north-south and east-west transportation hub on the island.

terrain

The terrain of Qiongzhong County is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and the terrain inclines from the southwest to the northeast. The landform is dome shaped, which is composed of high mountains, low mountains, hills, platform rivers and terraces.

There are 52 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level. Wuzhi peak at the junction of southwest and Tongshi is 1867 meters above sea level, the highest peak on the island. Yinggeling in the west is 1811 meters above sea level, diaolushan in the south is 1290 meters above sea level, and limuling in the north is 1412 meters above sea level. The lowest point in the territory is the former site of baimaling cutting field in the northeast, with an altitude of 25 meters.

river system

There are 241 rivers and streams. The three major rivers of Hainan Island, Nandu River, Changhua River and Wanquan River, originate from the county. The main rivers are Yaozi River, Dabian River, Chengpo River and Shiyun canal, which originate from Yinggeling, Limu mountain, Wuzhi Mountain and Diaoluo Mountain respectively. The density coefficient of river network is 1.32 km / km2. The total rainfall collection area is 2693.1 square kilometers, and the average runoff is 4.433 billion cubic meters. Hydropower reserves are about 108300 kilowatts, and 22200 kilowatts have been developed and utilized.

climate

The territory of Qiongzhong is located in the northern edge of the tropical marine monsoon area, with abundant rainfall and mild climate, surrounded by mountains, which has unique mountain climate characteristics. The annual average temperature is 22 ℃, and the average temperature in January is 16 ℃. The absolute minimum temperature is - 6 ℃, the average temperature in July is 26 ℃, and the absolute maximum temperature is 38 ℃. The annual average sunshine time is 1600-2000 hours, and the total solar radiation is 4579 mjm2. The annual average relative humidity is 80-85%. The average annual precipitation is 2200-2444 mm, and the maximum annual precipitation is 5525 mm in 1964. The minimum annual precipitation was 1018 mm in 1969 and the maximum daily precipitation was 626 mm on July 20, 1977. The annual average evaporation is 1824.1 mm. The annual frequency of static wind is 55%, which is the highest in the whole island. The southeast wind direction is the most in the whole year, and the annual average wind speed is 1.2 m / s.

natural resources

land resource

The soil in Qiongzhong County is mainly composed of granite and a small amount of purple sandstone, sand shale and andesite. The soil is rich and fertile. According to the different parent materials, the county is divided into 7 soil types, 14 subclasses, 37 soil genera and 103 soil species, including shrub meadow soil, yellow soil, red red soil, latosol, red lime soil, purple soil and paddy soil. The shrub meadow soil in southern mountainous area is distributed on the top of high mountain above 1600 meters in Haibo, the parent material of which is weathered sand shale, covering an area of 3860 mu, accounting for 0.12% of the natural soil, and the soil layer is 40 cm thick; the yellow soil is distributed in the mountainous area of 750-1600 meters in Haibo, the parent material of which is weathered granite or sandy rock, covering an area of 232071 mu, accounting for 7% of the natural soil, and the soil layer is 24-85 cm thick; the red soil is distributed in the mountainous area The soil type is distributed in the mountain area of 400-750 meters above the sea level, the parent material of which is granite and weathered Sandy Rock, covering an area of 950247 mu, accounting for 28.7% of the natural soil, and the thickness of the soil layer is 110 cm; the Latosol type is distributed in the low hills and gentle slopes below 400 meters above the sea level, covering an area of 1995042 mu, accounting for 60.4% of the natural soil, and the thickness of the soil layer is about 100 cm. The red calcareous soil is distributed in the hills in the western part of Shiyun Township, and its parent soil is limestone weathering, covering an area of 1781 mu, accounting for 0.05% of the natural soil, with a soil thickness of 54 cm; the purple soil is distributed in the low hills from Songtao to dabaocun in the Northern Limushan Town, with a soil parent material of purple sandstone weathering, covering an area of 42359 mu, accounting for 1.3% of the natural soil, with a soil thickness of 62 cm; Paddy soil is distributed sporadically in the hills and platforms of villages and towns. The parent material of paddy soil is the proluvial material of mountains or hills and valleys, covering an area of 80545 mu, accounting for 2.43% of the natural soil, 2% of the total area of the county, 57.4% of the cultivated land, and the soil layer thickness is 66 cm.

plant resources

There are many kinds of plant resources in Qiongzhong County, among which forest resources are very rich, and it is one of the counties with the largest forest reserves in the province. In 2008, the total area of forestry land in the county was 3.35 million mu, accounting for 83% of the total area of the county, including 3.097 million mu of forest land, with a forest coverage rate of 81.67%. According to forest planning: 1.85 million mu for commercial forest and 1.499 million mu for public welfare forest. The county is one of the key forest areas of tropical rain forest in Hainan Province, with a total of eight key regional forest areas: Wuzhishan forest area, Yinggeling forest area, chongxiangling forest area, bengling forest area, feishuiling forest area, jiaqiling forest area, baimaling forest area and Baihualing forest area, as well as the forest areas of Limu mountain and Diaoluoshan Forestry Bureau and some collective forest areas within the county. There are more species of timber, more than 700 species of arbor trees, more than 70 species belonging to more than two species and wild oil plants. The main valuable timber are mother plants, Melia chinensis, Illicium verum, rouge, jackfruit, Lv Nan, Dan Dan, Hua Li, Zi Dan, Po Lei, Ji Mao song, Lu Jun song, green peel litchi, cypress, Zi Jing and so on. These woods are hard and tough, and have strong corrosion resistance. They are superior woods for building and making high-grade appliances. Forest resources are widely distributed, but concentrated in Wuzhishan, Limushan, Yinggeling, jiatieling and baimaling. Bamboo plants mainly include Phyllostachys heterocycla, Dianthus, Phyllostachys pubescens, Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys edulis, etc. The main medicinal plants are Aquilaria sinensis, black tiger, Acorus tatarinowii, cibotrya chinensis, Euphorbia officinalis, Folium Isatidis, Shiwei, Maozhu, tulip, Stemona, Alpinia oxyphylla, Coptis chinensis, Celosia cristata, Arisaema, Mentha haplocalyx, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Plantago asiatica, Dracunculus, wild lily, Paeonia lactiflora, Chuanxinlian, Banlangen, cinnamon, etc. There are 509 kinds of flower crops, mainly including kapok, cattail (Fan Ye Kui), palm, peony, camellia, rose, Rhododendron (Ying Shan Hong), peach, Magnolia, Murraya, evening primrose, evergreen, morning glory, cut Loran, calamus (Sword orchid), Wuzhishan orchid, yichuanhong, Clivia, moonlight flower, orchid, poinsettia, fairy