On the south side of Chang'an Street and on the traditional central axis of Beijing City, there is Tiananmen Square, the largest square in the world. In the center of the square is the monument to the people's heroes. If you continue to go south through the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, you will arrive at Zhengyang gate, which is often called Qianmen. On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people, and on the east side is the National Museum. On the opposite side of the square, to the north of Chang'an Street is the Tiananmen tower, under which is the shimmering Jinshui River. Every morning and evening, a solemn flag raising and lowering ceremony is held in Tiananmen Square. It is essential for people who are new to Beijing to watch a flag raising and lowering ceremony.
tian'anmen square
Tiananmen Square, located in the center of Beijing, is located in Dongchang'an street, Dongcheng District, Beijing. It starts from Tiananmen Square in the north, Zhengyangmen square in the south, China National Museum in the East, and the Great Hall of the people in the West. It is 880 meters long from north to South and 500 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 440000 square meters. It can accommodate 1 million people to hold a grand gathering. It is the largest city square in the world.
The ground of the square is paved with light colored granite strips treated by special technology. In the center stands the monument to the people's heroes and the solemn Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao. On both sides of Tiananmen Square are the Cultural Palace of the working people and Zhongshan Park, which are integrated with Tiananmen Square to form Tiananmen square. In 1986, Tiananmen Square was rated as one of the "Sixteen sights of Beijing" with the name of "Tian'an Liri".
Tiananmen Square records the indomitable revolutionary spirit and fearless heroism of the Chinese people. The May 4th movement, the December 9th Movement and the May 20th movement all left a strong color for the history of modern Chinese revolution,
At the same time, it is also the place where numerous important political and historical events took place and the historical witness of China's decline and rise.
At 7:36 on January 1, 2018, the national flag raising ceremony in Tiananmen Square was performed for the first time by the people's Liberation Army Honor Guard and military band.
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Historical evolution
Tiananmen, formerly known as chengtianmen, was built in the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1417).
In 1651, Tiananmen Square was rebuilt. At this time, Tiananmen Square was just a closed T-shaped Palace Square, which was an important place for the Ming and Qing Dynasties to hold major celebrations and issue decrees to the whole country. It also represented the majesty of imperial power.
In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Allied forces of eight countries invaded Beijing, and Tiananmen Square was regarded as the place where the invaders stationed their troops to show off their military strength.
In May 1914, Zhu Qiqian of the Beiyang government launched the plan to transform the old capital. By demolishing the Qianbu corridor in front of Tiananmen Square, building asphalt roads and urn cities, the originally closed Palace Square became an open space for free passage and stay, and the dignified and mysterious imperial power was dissolved. Because of Zhu Qiqian's first transformation of Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square began to become a modern square.
In 1928, Chiang Kai Shek won the northern expedition. In July, 70000 people from all walks of life organized by the military and government of Beiping held a congratulatory meeting in front of Tiananmen Square. On August 24, the portrait of Sun Yat Sen was hung on the Tiananmen Gate Tower. This is the first time that a personal portrait has been hung on the Tiananmen Gate Tower.
In 1937, the slogan "building a new East Asian Order" was pasted on the Tiananmen tower in Beijing under the Japanese puppet government.
On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was founded, and the founding ceremony was held in the square.
In 1950, the Huabiao and stone lion in front of Tiananmen Square were moved by 6 meters because the distance between the flagpole and Tiananmen Square was not enough to cross the width of the procession in the future.
In 1954, the Zhonghua Gate, the left gate and the right gate of Chang'an, the Ministry of justice and the Ministry of punishment and the Qipan street of the warehouse were demolished, and a monument to the people's heroes was built in the square.
In 1958, in order to meet the 10th anniversary of the national day, Tiananmen Square began the largest expansion in history. The red walls on Zhonghua Gate, Qipan street and square were demolished, covering a total area of 44 hectares, nine times the size of Russia's Red Square. Architect Tao Zongzhen once suggested that the width should be reduced to adapt to the continuity of the surrounding roads. He was told: "it can't be moved. This is set by Chairman Mao." At the same time, the monument to the people's Heroes erected on the square and the Great Hall of the people and the Chinese revolution and military museum built on both sides set the tone of the square as a political center.
On September 9, 1976, Mao Zedong passed away. The last large-scale reconstruction of Tiananmen Square was the construction of Mao Zedong Memorial Hall.
On January 1, 1988, the first day of Beijing international tourism year, Tiananmen tower was officially opened.
On October 1, 1999, the 50th anniversary of the National Day was held.
In 2009, in order to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the national day, two giant screens were placed in Tiananmen Square, and the city scenery films and public service advertisements were rolled on the screen.
On September 3, 2015, the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese War and the world anti fascist war was solemnly held in Beijing.
At 7:36 on January 1, 2018, the first national flag raising ceremony performed by the people's Liberation Army Honor Guard and military band was held in Tiananmen Square
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architectural composition
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tiananmen Square was a palace square outside the main gate of the Forbidden City in Beijing. The East, West and south sides of the square were surrounded by walls to form a forbidden area that ordinary people could not enter. The square starts from Tiananmen Square in the north, Zhengyangmen square in the south, history museum in the East and great hall of the people in the West. It is 880 meters long from north to South and 500 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 440000 square meters. In the center of the square stands the monument to the people's heroes and the solemn Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao. On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people, on the east side is the National Museum of China, and on the south side are two ancient city towers, Zhengyangmen and Qianmen arrow tower, which were built in the 14th century. Tiananmen tower is located at the north end of the square. Tiananmen Gate Five que, double tower nine Ying, through the height of 33.7 meters. On both sides of Tiananmen Square are the Cultural Palace of the working people and Zhongshan Park. These magnificent buildings are integrated with Tiananmen Square, making it a great scenic spot in Beijing.
Main buildings
The Tiananmen gate
Tiananmen Square is located in the center of Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, and at the south end of the Palace Museum. It faces Tiananmen Square, the monument to the people's heroes, Chairman Mao's memorial hall, the Great Hall of the people, and the National Museum of China across Chang'an Street, covering an area of 4800 square meters.
Tiananmen Gate is the main gate of the imperial city of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was built in 1417, the 15th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. It was originally named chengtianmen gate, implying the meaning of "carrying heaven and receiving orders from heaven". The designer was Kuai Xiang, the imperial architect of Ming Dynasty. In 1651, it was renamed Tiananmen. It is composed of Chengtai and Chenglou. Xumizuo, with white marble, is 34.7 meters high. Tiananmen tower is 66 meters long and 37 meters wide. Under the platform of the city, there are five gates with the largest gate in the middle, which is located on the central axis of the imperial city of Beijing. In the past, only the emperor could get in and out from this gate. A portrait of Mao Zedong is hanging above the central entrance, with large slogans on both sides: "long live the people's Republic of China" and "long live the great unity of the people of the world".
On October 10, 1925, the Palace Museum was established, and Tiananmen Square began to open to the public. On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the people's Republic of China was held here, which was designed into the national emblem and became the symbol of the people's Republic of China. In 1961, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced that it was one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
the Great Hall of the People
The Great Hall of the people is located on the west side of Tiananmen Square and the south side of West Chang'an Street in the center of Beijing, China. The Great Hall of the people is the meeting place of the National People's Congress and the office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. It is an important place for the party, state and people's organizations to hold political activities, as well as a place for Chinese party and state leaders and people to hold political, diplomatic and cultural activities.
The Great Hall of the people is 336 meters long from the north to the south, 206 meters wide from the east to the West and 46.5 meters high. It covers an area of 150000 square meters and a building area of 171800 square meters, larger than the total building area of the Forbidden City. The annual National People's Congress, the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and the Five-year National Congress of the Communist Party of China are also held here.
Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall
Chairman Mao Memorial Hall is the highest Memorial Hall in China, the collective Memorial Hall of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries headed by Comrade Mao Zedong, and the national patriotic education base. It is located at the south end of Tiananmen Square, on the central axis of Beijing, with a total construction area of 28000 square meters. Here lies the remains of Chairman Mao Zedong, and commemorations of the revolutionary achievements of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun. Through a large number of photos, documents and objects, the memorial shows Mao Zedong's great achievements in various periods of Chinese revolution and construction and the struggle course of the Chinese Communist Party leading the people in revolution and construction.
Monument to the People's Heros
The monument to the people's Heroes is located in Tiananmen Square in Beijing
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