Huangsang National Nature Reserve

Huangsang National Nature Reserve

Huangshang National Nature Reserve is located at the junction of the northern slope of Danan mountain and the southern foot of Xuefeng mountain in the southwest of Hunan Province. It is the birthplace of Yuanjiang Wushui Shizhu water and is under the jurisdiction of Suining County, Shaoyang City.

This area is located in the main vein of Dupangling mountain on the border of Hunan and Guangxi. There are 16 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level, including 193 species of rare and rare tree species, 36 species of ancient and relict tree species, and 18 species of Chinese endemic tree species.

In January 2016, the National Tourism Administration and the Ministry of environmental protection planned to identify the Huangsang ecotourism area in Shaoyang City of Hunan Province as a national ecotourism demonstration area.

Historical evolution

In June 1980, 19 provincial, municipal and county units jointly conducted a comprehensive scientific investigation on the natural secondary forest of Morus alba. According to the protection classification standards issued by the Ministry of forestry and the provincial forestry department at that time, it was found that there were 2 species of national first class protected animals, 8 species of second class, 7 species of third class, and 10 species of provincial protection; 1 species of national first class protected plants, 7 species of second class, 13 species of third class, and 21 species of provincial protection "Investigation report on natural secondary forest of Morus alba" was compiled.

On April 3, 1982, Huangsang Provincial Nature Reserve in Suining County was officially established;

In June 1984, the Huangsang Nature Reserve Management Institute and the comprehensive experimental station of animals and plants were officially established. Both the Management Institute and the experimental station were set up in jiuxichong, Huangsang township. The reserve covers 8 villages, namely Moshi, Tanni, Shangbao, chiban, laotuan, Lanjia, Pingxi and JieXi, and anyangshan village, Changpu Miao township.

In August 1984, with the participation of Miao Township, zhaishi Township, changpuzi Township, village directors and other relevant personnel, the main leaders of Suining County People's Congress, county government and County Agricultural Committee, and after more than two months of exploration and consultation, the mountain range of the reserve was determined on the spot, and an agreement on strengthening the protection and management was signed with the relevant village groups in time. The total area of the reserve is 1259 square meters 0 ha. On July 23, 2005, Huangsang Nature Reserve was officially approved to be promoted to the national level.

geographical environment

position

Hunan Huangsang nature reserve is located at the junction of the north slope of Danan mountain and the south foot of Xuefeng mountain in the southwest of Hunan Province. It is the birthplace of Yuanjiang Wushui Shizhu water and is under the jurisdiction of Suining County, Shaoyang City. Its geographical coordinates are 109 ° 45 ′ ~ 110 ° 10 ′, 26 ° 17 ′ ~ 26 ° 35 ′, 17 km wide from east to west and 27 km long from north to south. It borders Chengbu Miao Autonomous County in the East and Southeast, Longsheng County in Guangxi in the south, Tongdao Dong Autonomous County in the West and southwest, and benxianzhaishi and Changpu Miao Township in the north. The total area is 125.90 square kilometers.

topographic features

This area is located in the main vein of the Dupangling mountains on the border of Hunan and Guangxi. There are 16 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level. Niupotou, 1904 meters above sea level, is the highest among the Huangsang peaks. Dupangling is one of the five mountains. Jiucailing, the highest peak of Dupangling, is 2009.3 meters above sea level, generally 800-1200 meters above sea level. There are more than 60 peaks above 1000 meters. The gully slope is generally 40-50 degrees, only below 800 meters above sea level. The terrain is gentle and the slope is wide.

The main vein of Dupangling ranges from northeast to southwest, the cold wave from north is blocked, and the warm and humid air flow from south to south is detained, forming a unique environment with more south wind, less north wind, warm weather, more rainfall and high humidity in the lower part of east slope of Chengdu Pangling.

hydrology

This area is the birthplace of Yuanjiang Wushui Shizhu water, which is under the jurisdiction of Suining County of Shaoyang City. There are 14 streams and streams with a length of more than 5 km.

climate

Mulberry is located in the middle subtropical zone with four distinct seasons and warm and humid climate. The annual average temperature is 15.7 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is 1421.2 mm. The territory has a mild climate, abundant rainfall and large vertical temperature difference. At 610 meters above sea level, the average annual temperature is 16.2 ° C, at 900 meters above sea level, the average annual temperature is 14.7 ° C, at 1800 meters above sea level, the average annual temperature is 10.9 ° C, the average monthly temperature in the hottest month (July) is 18.3 ° C, the average monthly temperature in the coldest month (January) is 1.7 ° C, the rainfall is 1600-1800 mm, there are many rainy days and foggy days, and the relative humidity is more than 80%.

geology

Geological structure belongs to Caledonian period exposed, Yanshanian magmatic intrusion of granite mountain, the main rock strata are granite, metamorphic rock series slate, shale, sandstone, and sedimentary rocks.

soil

The foot of the mountain below 500 meters above sea level is mostly red soil developed by sand shale; the foot of the mountain below 500 meters above sea level is mostly red yellow soil; the foot of the mountain below 700 meters above sea level is mostly mountain yellow soil; the foot of the mountain below 1000 meters above sea level is mountain yellow brown soil; the foot of the mountain above 1500 meters above sea level is mountain meadow soil. Generally, the soil layer is shallow, humus layer is thick, sandy or sandy loamy, acidic, pH 4.5-5.5.

Area

The reserve is divided into three functional areas: core area of 4155 square kilometers, buffer area of 3019 square kilometers and experimental area of 5416 square kilometers. The four boundaries of the reserve are: the main peak of Dupangling in Zhongping work area in the East, dajiangyuan in Huangtu River work area in the south, Qianjiadong in Xianglushan work area in the West and kongshuyan work area in the north. A long belt is formed on both sides of the main vein of Dupangling. It covers an area of 80000 mu, including 39000 mu of core protected area and 10000 mu of experimental area.

Protected objects

Botany

Among them, there are 193 rare tree species, 36 ancient and relict tree species, 18 Endemic Tree Species in China, and 166 ornamental plants, such as Michelia, Magnolia, Magnolia, Cymbidium chrysanthum, cash tree, e-palm, etc.

This area is located in the southern margin of the middle subtropical zone, rich in water and heat. It is dominated by the flora of South China. According to the investigation, there are 720 species (including cultivated species) belonging to 265 genera and 94 families of woody plants. There are 10 species of national protected plants, among which there are 5 species of secondary protected plants: Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus chinensis, biflora longipectus, Eucommia ulmoides and Cephalotaxus fortunei. There are 5 species under the third level protection: Phoebe bournei, Renmu, Magnolia officinalis, hemlock chinensis var. mairei, hemlock Tsuga longibracteata.

At present, the forest area of Fokienia hodginsii is 14930 mu, and the volume is 2841 cubic meters. Its vertical distribution ranges from 700 to 1700m above sea level. The central distribution area is located in Meimei Sanhua area of Zhongping work area, with an altitude of 1000-1400m, and then extends to the north and south along both sides of Dupangling mountain. In the northwest, from langniubukou of kongshuyan to shenjinggou, xiaoyejiang and baishuichong section, on the other side, it is scattered or mixed along sankeshu, lazhukou and taipingyan of Changbu work area, dajiangyuan and 48babu of Huangtu River work area, Generally, it is mixed with a small amount of Tsuga longibracteata, Akebia, Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba and Cyclobalanopsis glauca. The undergrowth is Rhododendron yunjinensis, Rhododendron purpurea and Rhododendron farinosus. The surface is densely covered with fern reed and moss layer up to 5-10 cm thick. Under the forest are young Fokienia hodginsii trees with high density. The forest with Fokienia hodginsii as the main constructive species is mostly distributed on the slopes on both sides of steep valleys, while the sporadic distribution is often squeezed on dangerous cliffs, stone slopes and cliffs, rooted in the crevices, and has a wide range of ecological adaptability. There are 25000 Mu stands with a total volume of about 10000 cubic meters. Most of them are distributed in Gangou of kongshuyan work area, houziao of Changbu work area and qingliyuan. Baikemu is sporadically distributed in the middle and lower part of the hillside with an altitude of 1000-1400m, covering an area of about 1100 mu. Longstalked shuanghuamu is distributed in the ridge with an altitude of about 1000m in Zhongping, Changbu and kongshuyan.

Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae and Magnoliaceae are widely distributed in this area. The main tree species are Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis carlesii, Huanghou, honghou, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cinnamomum camphora, Phoebe, sassafras, houhuanxi, Populus simonii, Liquidambar formosana, purple tree, Schima superba, camellia, Eurya, Wild Citrus, Acer, Acer rubrum, etc. in addition, there are various precious traditional Chinese medicines, such as Aesculus hepatica, Codonopsis pilosula, zuggufeng, jiugufeng, etc .

animal

There are 78 species of mammals in 20 families, 8 orders. South China tiger, yellow bellied horned pheasant, giant salamander (salamander), silver pheasant and other 18 species are national protected animals.

There are 223 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the reserve, belonging to 27 orders and 68 families, accounting for 35.3% of the total number of terrestrial vertebrates in Hunan Province. There are 16 species of amphibians in 7 families of 2 orders, 40 species of reptiles in 10 families of 3 orders, 114 species of birds in 33 families of 14 orders and 53 species of mammals in 18 families of 8 orders. The flora of wild animals is rich and transitional. Due to the special geographical environment, the wild animals have the inherent species of central China fauna, and some species of South China extend into China. There are many rare, endangered and national key protected wild animals in the reserve, including 37 kinds of national key protected wild animals. There are 482 species of insects, belonging to 14 orders and 96 families. There are musk deer, bison, monkey, flying squirrel, giant salamander, red billed Acacia, pangolin, swallow, muntjac, water deer, bamboo chicken, golden pheasant, horned pheasant, etc.

Management organization

Yueyan forest farm was built in 1958, with a total of 369 people, including 14 cadres, 186 workers and 169 family members. It has six working areas, one comprehensive factory and one comprehensive factory