Hexigten Global Geopark

Keshiketeng World Geopark, Inner Mongolia

synonym

Keshiketeng World Geopark generally refers to Inner Mongolia Keshiketeng World Geopark

Keshiketeng World Geopark in Inner Mongolia is located in Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, covering an area of 1343 square kilometers. It is mainly characterized by the landform and geological structure of Quaternary glacial mortar group and granite stone forest. There are 10 types of geological and geomorphic landscapes in the park, namely glacier landform, granite landform, volcanic landform, spring landform, canyon landform, lake landscape, river landscape, wetland landscape, typical deposit and mining relic landscape and sand landscape.

In addition to rich and precious geological relics, Keshiketeng World Geopark in Inner Mongolia also has natural landscapes such as Gongger grassland, Great Xing'an Mountains primeval forest, and the world's narrowest River, the consumptive river.

There are also baichachuan rock paintings, Jin Dynasty Great Wall - jinjiehao, wulanbutong ancient battlefield and other historical and cultural landscapes.

geographical environment

geographical position

Keshiketeng World Geopark in Inner Mongolia is located in the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the northwest of Chifeng City. It is located at the intersection of Inner Mongolia Plateau and the southern end of Daxinganling Mountains and the Qilaotu mountains of Yanshan Mountains. Its geographical coordinates are 116 ° 30 ′ 00 ″ - 118 ° 20 ′ 00 ″ e, 42 ° 20 ′ 00 ″ - 44 ° 10 ′ 00 ″ n.

Since the Quaternary (about 1.75 million years ago), there have been too many periods of ancient glaciers, leaving nearly a thousand ancient glaciers on the Qingshan mountain. They are well preserved and typical in shape. They belong to a rare large group of ancient glaciers in the world. At the same time, there are also ancient glacial relics such as icebergs, glacial "U" shaped valleys, glacial streaks, lateral moraines and terminal moraines.

climate

Keshiketeng World Geopark in Inner Mongolia has a mid temperate continental monsoon climate. It is short and cool in summer, long and cold in winter, large temperature difference between day and night, and obvious in autumn. According to the climate characteristics and topography, topography and vegetation, it can be divided into four climate zones: warm cool semi humid animal husbandry temperature zone, warm cold semi-arid animal husbandry climate zone, warm cold semi humid forestry climate zone and warm cool semi-arid agricultural climate zone.

hydrology

According to the topography and flow direction, the river water system in Keshiketeng World Geopark in Inner Mongolia can be divided into two types: external water system and internal water system. The outflow water system is Xilamulun water system and Luanhe Water System; the inflow water system includes inland rivers and inland lakes, with about 60 natural lakes and a water area of 420000 mu, mostly distributed in the western high plain area and the Hunshandake desert area in the southwest.

According to its occurrence conditions, groundwater can be divided into four types: pore water of loose accumulation layer, pore fissure water of clastic rock, carbonate fissure karst water and bedrock fissure water.

According to its occurrence conditions, it can be divided into two types: medium and high temperature hot water in granite structural fissures and medium and low temperature hot water in Quaternary sand gravel pores.

geology

Keshiketeng World Geopark is located at the junction of the three landforms of the Great Xing'an Mountains, the Yanshan Mountains and the Hunshandake sandy land. Keshiketeng World Geopark is a comprehensive World Geopark composed of Quaternary glacial relics, granite landforms, platform trough structural suture, plateau lakes, rivers, volcanic landforms, deserts, grasslands, hot springs and plateau wetlands.

On the north mountain of the Great Xing'an Mountains, there is a peculiar granite landscape. The granite stone forest landform group has different forms, with dense horizontal joints and vertical joints. On the one hand, the development of horizontal joints can release the internal stress of rock mass and avoid the rock collapse and lodging caused by oblique joints under the action of gravity; on the other hand, the horizontal joints can greatly slow down the ice splitting. The vertical joints with different density divide the rock mass into blocks with different weathering resistance, and finally evolve into granite forest.

Dalinuoer Volcano Group landform is one of the nine volcanoes in Northeast China, with different shapes of volcanic cones, known as "the miniature landscape of Wudalianchi volcano". There are also hot springs, deserts, grasslands, lakes, rivers, high mountain valleys, granite intrusions and mineral resources in the Great Xing'an Mountains and Yanshan Mountains. At the same time, prehistoric human activity remains can be seen in the Geopark, and many prehistoric human remains are preserved.

natural resources

Animal and plant resources

In the grassland and forest of Keshiketeng World Geopark in Inner Mongolia, there are 1008 species of plants belonging to 347 genera and 92 families, including 250 edible plants, more than 200 plants with medicinal value, white mushroom, Pteridium aquilinum, golden needle, licorice, astragalus, ephedra and other Chinese medicinal materials, beef, mutton and milk food with unique flavor, and specialty of tilapia (commonly known as Chinese Tilapia) and crucian carp Best selling area and outside.

The main wild animals are red deer, roe deer, yellow sheep, green sheep and wild boar. Dali Lake is a national bird nature reserve. There are 16 species of birds, including Red Crowned Crane, swan, great bustard and so on.

water resource

It is rich in water resources with a total volume of 700 million cubic meters and 430000 mu of water surface that can be developed and utilized.

The total amount of water resources is 969 million cubic meters. The exploitable water area is 430000 mu.

Vegetation resources

As of 2011, there are 5.2 million mu of forest land, including 4.05 million mu of natural forest, 1.15 million mu of artificial forest and 5.3 million mu of suitable forest land.

energy resources

It is rich in energy resources. As of 2011, the hydropower reserve is 140000 kW, of which 63000 kW can be developed and utilized. The development potential of wind power resources is huge. After years of wind measurement, the total installed capacity of wind power in Dali area of Keshiketeng World Geopark in Inner Mongolia can reach 500000-700000 kW, and the installed capacity of five wind farms in the preliminary planning can reach 200000 kW. Now, two wind farms have been built, 28 wind turbines, and the annual power generation capacity is 38 million kwh.

mineral resources

Huanggangliang iron and tin mine is rich in mineral resources. As of 2011, the proven reserves of iron ore are 110 million tons and the amount of tin metal is 447000 tons, realizing the production scale of 400000 tons of iron ore annually.

Keshiketeng World Geopark in Inner Mongolia is an important strategic replacement base of mineral resources in northern China. Huanggang, Bayern Daba and Xiaodonggou mining and dressing areas have been initially formed, and the daily mining and dressing capacity of nonferrous metal mines has reached 14000 tons by 2011. Huanggang iron and tin mine has 117 million tons of iron ore reserves and 500000 tons of tin metals. It is the largest iron and tin polymetallic deposit in the north of the Yangtze River. The proven silver and gold reserves of Bairen Daba Yindu metal mine are 5500 tons, which is the second largest Silver Polymetallic Mine in China by 2011.

Main scenic spots

Composition of scenic spots

Keshiketeng World Geopark consists of 9 Parks: ashhatu stone forest, Pingdingshan Park, Xilamulun Park, Qingshan Park, huanggangliang Park, hot water hot spring park, Dalinor Park, Hunshandake Park and ulanbutong park.

Asihatu Stone Forest

Main entry: ashhatu Stone Forest

"Ashhatu" is Mongolian, which means steep rock. It is located in the north of Keshiketeng World Geopark, including four scenic spots (the first scenic spot, the second scenic spot, the third scenic spot and the fourth scenic spot), and three core areas, namely ashhatu core area, camel neck core area and hole mountain core area, covering an area of 25.78 square kilometers. The ashatu stone forest, a rare granite landform in the world, is distributed on the continuous ridge of Beida mountain at an altitude of 1700 meters. The tourism service facilities in the park are perfect, with special service center and tourist distribution center.

There are two main characteristics of the ashatu granite forest landform. One is the stratiform of granite. The second is the distribution characteristics of granite, which is mainly distributed on the ridge of Beida mountain.

The development process of granite forest is closely related to the geomorphic evolution of the area, which has roughly experienced three stages. The intrusive age of the ashatu granite in the intrusive outcrop stage is late Jurassic, about 150 million years ago. After several uplifts and planarization in the Great Xing'an Mountains, the granites are exposed on the secondary planation surface.

During the Quaternary, valley glaciers were widely developed in the north mountain area. Due to the planing and pulling erosion of the granite by glaciers, the original landforms have been strongly transformed, and the glacial landforms such as ice bucket, ice erosion depression, blade fin and horn peak have been formed. In the process of glacier flow, due to its huge weight, the granite has a shear force parallel to the ground, which leads to the development of nearly horizontal joints in the granite. All the places where the stone forest is developed today are all located at the ridge peak, which is exactly the position where the glacier formed the blade fin or corner peak. This is the rudiment of granite forest.

In the weathering Stone Forest forming stage, the rudiment of granite stone forest was formed at the peak ridge. Under the action of physical weathering, chemical weathering and freezing weathering, all kinds of fissures gradually expanded along the very developed joints, and gradually decomposed and collapsed under the action of gravity, forming a single stone wall and pillar with clear edges and corners. Strong wind erosion makes the stone forest with sharp edges and corners smooth and round as a whole. Because the wind erosion on the windward side is much stronger than that on the leeward side, most of the stone forests have one side