Yalu River Estuary Wetland

Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province

synonym

Yalu River Estuary Wetland generally refers to Liaoning Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve

Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve is located in Donggang City, Liaoning Province (120 ° 21 ′ 39 ″ - 123 ° 30 ′ 50 ″ e, 39 ° 40 ′ 50 ″ - 40 ° 50 ″ n)

It covers an area of 108100 hectares. It was established with the approval of the former Donggou County People's Government in 1987, promoted to provincial level in 1995 and approved to national level in 1997. The main protected objects are coastal wetland ecosystem and rare species. Yalu River estuary wetland is not only an important resting place for waterfowl migration, but also has many functions, such as water storage and flood regulation, climate regulation and pollution degradation. It has made positive efforts to realize the protection strategy of migratory waterfowl in the Asia Pacific region.

Historical evolution

In September 1987, with the approval of Donggou county government, Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland county-level Nature Reserve was established.

In November 1992, it was promoted to Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland municipal nature reserve with the approval of Dandong Municipal government.

In October 1995, Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland municipal Nature Reserve was promoted to provincial nature reserve of Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland by Liaoning provincial government.

In December 1997, Liaoning Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland Provincial Nature Reserve was promoted to Liaoning Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve with the approval of the State Council of China.

In July 1999, Liaoning Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland Provincial Nature Reserve was officially listed in the East Asia Australia wading network by wetland International Asia Pacific Council management committee, and became one of the seven network members.

In May 2011, the State Oceanic Administration of China incorporated the Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve into China's national marine nature reserve.

geographical environment

position

Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve is located in Donggang City, Liaoning Province (120 ° 21 ′ 39 ″ - 123 ° 30 ′ 50 ″ e, 39 ° 40 ′ 50 ″ - 40 ° 50 ″ n).

topographic features

Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province is located in the northernmost part of China's coastline, which is the intersection of North China and northeast flora. In this area, the land, tidal flat and marine ecosystems meet and transit, forming a complex and diverse ecosystem type including reed wetland, swamp, lake swamp, tidal marsh and estuary. The Yalu River Estuary Wetland National Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province is distributed in a belt along 93 km coastline.

soil

There are four soil groups, nine sub groups and 23 soil genera in the Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province. The four soil types are brown soil, meadow soil, paddy soil and saline soil. Among them, brown soil includes brown soil, brown soil and tidal brown soil. Meadow soil includes meadow soil and saline meadow soil. Paddy soil includes three sub types: flooded paddy soil, swamp paddy soil and saline paddy soil. Saline soil contains only one subclass of saline alkali soil.

hydrology

The Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province has seven large rivers, among which the Yalu River and Dayang River are the most important. Yalu River in the East is the largest river in the wetland, with a drainage area of 61889km2 and an average annual runoff of 243.96km3. There are four rivers in the middle: Shaba River, Longtai River, Zaoer River and Yilong river. There are Dayang River and Xiaoyang River in the West. Dayang river is the second largest river in the wetland, with a length of 202 km, a drainage area of 6206 km2, and an average annual runoff of 21.7 KM3. It is the main fresh water supply source in the core area of Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National nature reserve. The coastal waters are regular semidiurnal tides.

climate

Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve belongs to warm temperate humid monsoon climate, which is characterized by both continental and marine climate. Winter is long and cold, dry and snowy. It is rainy and hot in summer. The maximum temperature is 20 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 8 ℃, the average annual temperature of Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve is 9.8 ℃, and the frost free period is 203 days. The annual average precipitation is 1000-1200mm, and 60% - 70% of the precipitation is concentrated in June to August, forming a flood season.

Regional scope

Liaoning Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve starts from Heda highway in the north, ends at wen'antan island in the East, faces the Yellow Sea in the south, and borders Dalian Zhuanghe River in the West. Its geographical coordinates are 120 ° 21 ′ 39 ″ - 123 ° 30 ′ 50 ″ E and 39 ° 40 ′ 50 ″ - 40 ° 50 ″ n. It includes 31183 hectares of land paddy field, 6007 hectares of reed swamp, 24200 hectares of tidal flat salt marsh and 46667 hectares of shallow sea area, including 14642 hectares of core area, 71057 hectares of buffer area and 22358 hectares of experimental area.

Protected objects

Coastal wetland ecosystem: the transitional zone between terrestrial ecosystem and marine ecosystem. According to the definition of the International Convention on wetlands, the lower limit of coastal wetlands is 6 meters below sea level (it is customary to limit the lower limit to the outer edge of the growth area of macroalgae), and the upper limit is the freshwater or brackish lake marshes connected with the inland river basin above the spring tide line and the reach of the river into the sea that cannot be reached by the sea. The equivalent terms include coastal wetland, coastal zone wetland or coastal wetland, etc. Topography includes estuary, shallow sea, beach, salt beach, tidal flat, tidal ditch, peat swamp, sand bar, sandbank, lagoon, mangrove, coral reef, seagrass bed, bay, seawall, island, etc.

National first class protected birds: Red Crowned Crane, white naped crane, white crane and white stork.

There are 29 species of birds under the second class national protection, such as Swan, geese and so on.

Management measures

1. The master plan for the Yalu River Estuary Wetland National Nature Reserve in Dandong was formulated and approved by experts and the State Environmental Protection Administration of China. According to the principle of functional area division of Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve, the plan divides Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve into three parts: core area, buffer area and experimental area. The core area is located in the west of Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve. The ecosystem of Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve is a typical estuarine ecosystem. The main plant is reed, which is the habitat and breeding place of rare birds such as crane, stork, heron and snipe. The buffer zone is located in the periphery of the core area. There are four ecological types: land, swamp, tidal flat and shallow sea area. The coastal tidal flat is the main place for migratory wading birds' activities and foraging. The experimental area is outside the buffer area.

2. We will strengthen institutional building. In 1999, the Management Office of Yalu River Estuary Wetland National Nature Reserve was set up, with 7 people. It has two brands with the ecological center of Dandong Environmental Protection Bureau. In 2000, in order to give full play to the management ability of various departments, they set up the Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve Management Committee with the mayor in charge as the director and the environmental protection, forestry, land, ocean and Danzhi No.1 Factory as the members. They formulated the joint meeting system and realized the management system of joint participation. In 2004, taking the opportunity of institutional reform, the establishment of the Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve was expanded to 15 people, adding new forces and deepening the work of the reserve.

3. Strengthen infrastructure construction to provide guarantee for the management of nature reserves. More than 2 million yuan has been invested in the infrastructure construction of the reserve. First, completed the large-scale sign project, publicity sign project and boundary mark project, improved the publicity of Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve, and clarified the boundary of functional zoning. Second, the necessary management and protection facilities, transportation facilities and office facilities were purchased to ensure the normal development of basic work.

4. Strengthen management and effectively protect natural resources. According to the functional zoning of Liaoning Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve, classification management is also carried out. Project development is strictly prohibited in the core area and buffer area. The experimental area focuses on strengthening the treatment of old pollution sources and controlling the environmental management of new projects. In the daily management and protection work, also took a new step. First, they strengthen the management and protection of the core area. In the Dragon Boat Festival, bird breeding period, migration period, fire prevention period and other key periods to strengthen management; secondly, they established the management system of the reserve, determined the inspection system, supervisor management system and reporting and investigation system, and specially set up two comrades to conduct a comprehensive inspection of Liaoning Yalu River estuary Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve once a month, and in the core area Set up a special office to dispatch the situation of the reserve, form wetland work information according to the results of the inspection of the Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve in Yalu River Estuary of Liaoning Province, and timely feed back to the relevant leaders and departments of the Bureau, creating conditions for timely and accurate solution and handling of the relevant problems of the reserve.

5. Do a good job in the Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve of Yalu River Estuary in Liaoning Province. It's increasing