Paoju Hutong

Paoju Hutong

Paoju hutong is located in the northeast of Dongcheng District, with east-west trend, turning south in the West. It starts from Dongzhimen North Street in the East, ends at Bolin Hutong in the west, connects with houyongkang North Lane, houyongkang first lane and houyongkang second lane in the south, and connects with paoju Toutiao in the North. It is under the jurisdiction of Beixinqiao sub district office.

Historical evolution

Paoju Hutong belongs to Xianghuang Banner in Qing Dynasty. During Qianlong period, it was paoju and a place for making cannons. After the gun Bureau abandoned, it became a storage place for artillery, ordnance and abandoned guns. At the end of Qing Dynasty, it became a prison again. After the Republic of China. In the "Cultural Revolution", it was renamed Shuangsheng Hutong for a time, and then restored to its original name. During the Anti Japanese War, this place became a prison for Japanese invaders to detain Chinese "important criminals". The prison was heavily guarded, and seven blockhouses were built in the surrounding walls. In May 1933, patriotic general Ji Hongchang, together with Feng Yuxiang and Fang Zhenwu, formed the chasui people's Anti Japanese Alliance Army in Zhangjiakou. He served as the commander of the second army and the commander in chief of the former enemy in Beilu. After the defeat of the Anti Japanese Alliance, Ji Hongchang was arrested in Tianjin for his activities in the area of Pingjin. He was taken to Beijing and imprisoned here. Before he died, he wrote a magnificent poem: "if you don't want to die against Japan, leave it for today's shame. I don't cherish the fact that the country is still broken. " During the period of KMT rule, an Ziwen, Bo Yibo and others were arrested by KMT reactionaries. They were first detained here and then taken to caolanzi prison in Xicheng. After liberation, it was once the reform through labor bureau and later the Beijing Public Transport Bureau.

Historical changes

There are turrets (watchtowers) in the Hutong. Except banbuqiao prison in Xuanwu District, there is probably only gun Bureau Hutong in the urban area.

Paoju Hutong was under the jurisdiction of Xianghuang Banner in the Qing Dynasty. There was a Paochang with Xianghuang Banner in the Hutong, which was renamed paoju Hutong in the late Qing Dynasty. Qing Dynasty belongs to the age of cold weapons, but cannons were also used. At that time, cannons could be used to fight wars and siege cities, but also to build some letter cannons and salutes. The cannons factory in paoju Hutong was the factory of casting cannons.

In modern times, the Qing government began to import foreign cannons from abroad, so the domestic cannons were useless and the cannons foundry was abandoned. Therefore, the land was "official land", which could not be occupied by the people, so a prison was built on the former site of the artillery factory.

The prison of artillery Bureau has a long history. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Beiyang government, the Japanese puppet period and the Kuomintang period, it was always a prison. There is a saying in Beijing: "if you are dishonest, you will be sent to the gun bureau", which refers to the gun Bureau prison. One of the purposes of China's prison construction is to give "Prisoners" the greatest sense of fear and power, so it is very gloomy and terrifying. High walls, power grids and patrolling police are chilling.

present situation

After liberation, "making the past serve the present", the artillery prison became the detention center of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, and some criminals who had not been sentenced were detained here. After the cultural revolution, this is the location of the Municipal Public Security Traffic Security Bureau. Some prisons were demolished and buildings were built. Probably because of the above reasons, there are still several watchtowers (turrets) here, leaving historical relics for later generations. When the pickpockets who steal on the bus are brought to justice and escorted to the gun Bureau Hutong, the first thing they see is the gun house. Needless to say, they will regret it later.

Important people

Ji Hongchang and Hutong

In the 1930s, the official name of paoju prison was "Beiping army prison", which was located at 21 paoju Hutong. Paoju prison became a den for Kuomintang authorities to imprison Communists and revolutionary masses.

On November 24, 1934, snowflakes rose from the sky. Ji Hongchang, a patriotic general, a member of the Communist Party of China and known as "Ji Daren", faced with the black muzzle of the gun, picked up a branch at the last moment of his life, waved his hand in the snow and wrote a soul stirring poem of sacrifice

I hate to die,

For today's shame.

This is the case with guopo,

Why do I cherish this?

After writing, Ji Hongchang said to the spies, "I died for anti Japanese. I'm aboveboard. I can't kneel down and get shot from behind. I can't fall down even when I die!" Call the spy: "bring me a chair!"

When the chair came, Ji Hongchang sat down in front of the muzzle of the gun and said harshly, "I want to see with my own eyes how the reactionaries shoot patriots!" The agent who executed the sentence was shaken by his awe inspiring righteousness. At last, Ji Hongchang cried out: "long live the Anti Japanese war!" Long live the Communist Party of China

Gun sound, earth shaking Anti Japanese national hero, back in the chair, died bravely! 39 year old flower of life, into the sky of snowflakes.

Ji Hongchang is a legendary Anti Japanese hero.

At the age of 18, Ji Hongchang enlisted in Feng Yuxiang's army with the unique simplicity and generosity of Chinese farmers and admiration for ancient national heroes. On the battlefield of crusading for restoration and opposing Zhifeng allied forces, he often fought with bare chest and bare back, and repeatedly made war achievements, so the army called it "auspicious and bold".

He did not forget his father's words before he died: "when an official, he should be clean and honest, and think more about the poor in the world. When an official, he should not get rich. As long as you do this, you will die for your father. Otherwise, I can't sleep well under the nine springs! " Ji Hongchang endured his grief and answered with tears in his eyes: "I have written it down. Please don't worry about it!"

After his father died of illness, Ji Hongchang wrote the seven words "being an official is not allowed to get rich" on the fine porcelain tea bowl, and handed it to the ceramic factory to imitate. After the porcelain bowls were cooked, they were hauled to the army by truck and gathered all the officers and men. A serious ceremony was held to deliver the bowls. They vowed: "although I, Ji Hongchang, am an officer, I will never bully the people or plunder their wealth. I must bear in mind my father's instruction that being an official is not to get rich, but to do good things for the poor in the world. Please supervise me." From then on, the fine porcelain tea bowl, which was "not allowed to get rich as an official", followed him around until he died.

Ji Hongchang, a young civilian, was the chairman of Ningxia provincial government. He was promoted to the commander-in-chief of the 22nd Route Army and was already a senior official. But he was not willing to carry out the criminal policy of "the Chinese beat the Chinese", to fight civil war and attack the Red Army. As a result, he was dismissed by Chiang Kai Shek and forced to "go abroad to study industry".

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in Songhu, he returned home with indignation, but there was no way to save the country. He pinned his hope of saving the country and the people on the Communist Party. He joined the Communist Party of China in the autumn of 1932.

In 1933, Ji Hongchang became the commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the North Road of Chahar people's Anti Japanese alliance led by Feng Yuxiang, conquering Duolun and gaining great prestige. When the Anti Japanese Alliance Army broke through the heavy blockade of the Kuomintang army and entered the Pingbei Area, it fell into the heavy encirclement of the Japanese army and the Kuomintang army.

In renxinzhuang, Xiaotangshan, Changping, the enemy's dense bullets rained down on the Allied soldiers, causing heavy casualties. Ji Hongchang was red eyed. He tore off his coat, carried a gun in one hand, and waved a big knife in the other. As a fierce tiger, he went straight to the enemy. Seeing that the commander-in-chief was so brave, the soldiers also waved their swords forward and defeated the invading enemy.

The Allied forces were attacked on all sides and suffered heavy casualties. The situation was extremely dangerous. At this time, the Kuomintang authorities sent Leng Jiaji, President of the Beiping chamber of Commerce, to mediate. Ji Hongchang and Fang Zhenwu could not bear to let the Anti Japanese soldiers suffer such unnecessary sacrifice. In order to preserve the Anti Japanese fire and find another way out, they left the army with tears in their eyes and came to Niulanshan in Shunyi with Leng Jiaji to negotiate with Shangzhen. During the negotiation, Ji Hongchang asked the Kuomintang authorities to ensure the life safety of the Anti Japanese officers and soldiers and properly treat the wounded; the conditions of the Kuomintang's Beiping branch were: Ji and Fang must leave the army. In this way, Ji Hongchang, Fang Zhenwu and their entourage were detained by Shangzhen, and the Allied forces were demobilized in the Shahe area. In this way, the Anti Japanese allied forces, which had fought vigorously for more than half a year, failed under the collusion between Japan and Chiang Kai Shek.

After Ji Hongchang and Fang Zhenwu were detained, Chiang Kai Shek called back: "Ji Fangban." At that time, Chiang Kai Shek did not know that Ji Hongchang was a member of the Communist Party, and thought that he was not enough to suffer from the loss of military power. However, he hated Fang Zhenwu, who had always been against Chiang Kai Shek, and was determined to kill him.

At dusk on October 16, 1933, five cars carrying Ji Hongchang, Fang Zhenwu and their entourage drove from Niulanshan to Peiping. Fang Zhenwu is sitting next to the driver of the first car, while Ji Hongchang is in the second car. In case of accident, they both put on casual clothes. When the car drove to the west of majiaying in Shunyi, Fang Zhenwu saw a group of soldiers coming with guns. Knowing that the situation was not good, he immediately asked the driver to stop. Several soldiers rushed to him with guns and asked, "where is Fang Zhenwu?" Fang Zhenwu had an idea, pointed to the back and said, "it's in the car behind." A few guys ran to the car behind. Fang Zhenwu jumped out of the car, mingled with the crowd and took advantage of the dark to dive along the Chaobai River to Tianjin.

On the bus, Ji Hongchang preached the truth of resisting Japan and saving the nation to the Kuomintang soldiers who escorted him. When the soldiers learned that he was general Ji Hongchang, who had made outstanding contributions to the war and shocked the enemy, they admired him very much. When the car left Sunhe, the soldiers closed their eyes and pretended to sleep, deliberately giving Ji Hongchang a chance to escape. Taking advantage of this time, Ji Hongchang pokes Niu Jianzhong, his entourage. They quickly jump out of the car and sneak to Tianjin under the cover of night.

Although the Anti Japanese Alliance failed, Ji Hongchang did not stop fighting. In November 1934, Ji Hongchang was arrested by KMT agents in collusion with the Ministry of trade of the French concession in Tianjin. Later, he was extradited to Beiping army prison. Chiang Kai Shek hated Ji Hongchang, who insisted on resisting Japan, and gave the order of "immediate execution". As a result, the solemn and stirring scene described above appeared in paoju Hutong.

After the July 7th incident, the artillery Bureau