Nonggang National Nature Reserve

Nonggang National Nature Reserve is located on the northern edge of tropical zone in China. It has many typical karst landforms, such as rugged peaks, dense mountains and alleys, occasional streams and so on. The vegetation is the most well preserved tropical monsoon rain forest in karst area, which is rare in the world. It is one of the 14 key areas of terrestrial biodiversity with international significance in China, and one of the 40 A-level protected areas jointly selected by the Ministry of forestry and WWF. It is located in Longzhou and Ningming counties of Guangxi, which is the best choice for the development of eco-tourism.

Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Guangxi

synonym

Nonggang National Nature Reserve generally refers to Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve

Located at the junction of Longzhou and Ningming counties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve covers an area of 10080 hectares. It was established with the approval of the people's Government of Guangxi Autonomous Region in 1979 and promoted to the national level in 1980. Its main protected objects are limestone seasonal rain forest ecosystem, rare species and karst landform.

In October 2018, it was rated as the national research and practice education base for primary and secondary school students.

Historical evolution

Nonggang nature reserve is a national comprehensive nature reserve. Its predecessor was defined as Nonggang forest region and Longrui forest region in 1978 and 1979 respectively.

In May 1979, with the approval of the people's Government of Guangxi region, the provincial nature reserve was established according to the reply on the establishment of Nonggang Nature Reserve (1979) No. 121 issued by the Revolutionary Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

In 1980, it was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council (1980) No. 232 "Reply of the State Council on listing Guangxi Nonggang nature reserve as a national key nature reserve".

In September 1994, LONGDUAN Nature Reserve (established in 1982, provincial level) was merged with Nonggang nature reserve to establish Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve according to the reply on the merger of Longrui and Nonggang nature reserves (gzbh (1992) No. 433) issued by Guangxi Regional People's government.

In 1999, he joined China's "man and biosphere" reserve network.

In October 2018, it was rated as the national research and practice education base for primary and secondary school students.

geographical environment

Location context

Located in Longzhou and Ningming counties of Chongzuo City in Southwest China, Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve (hereinafter referred to as Nonggang reserve) is located at 106 ° 42 ′ 28 ″ - 107 ° 04 ′ 54 ″ E and 22 ° 13 ′ 56 ″ - 22 ° 39 ′ 09 ″ n. It consists of three districts, including zhubu, Wude, Shanglong, Xiangshui, Shangjin and Tingliang townships in Longzhou county Town. The total length of the reserve is 33.53km from the west to the East, with a total area of 10077.5hm. Among them, Longshan area across Longzhou and Ningming counties is 3644.8hm, Nonggang area in Longzhou county is 5424.7hm, and Longhu area is 1008.0hm. The North-South width of the three areas is: Longshan area is 11.5km, Nonggang area is 9.6km, and Longhu area is 5.2km.

Geology and geomorphology

The geological structure of Longgang nature reserve is mainly the intersection of latitudinal structure and NW structure. The strata are mainly distributed from Lower Carboniferous to lower Permian. The lithology is limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite, etc. it belongs to the North tropical humid and hot climate and exposed karst landform. The landform type is peak cluster deep Garden depression trough valley terrain, including peak cluster depression and peak cluster valley. With an altitude of 300-600m, it is a nature reserve with well-developed carbonate karst in the north tropics.

climate

Nonggang nature reserve is located in the south of Tropic of cancer, with strong solar radiation and high temperature, belonging to tropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 22 ℃, the average temperature in the coldest month is above 13 ℃, the monthly average temperature is above 22 ℃ for 7 months every year, the absolute maximum temperature is 39 ℃, the absolute minimum temperature is - 3 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is 7834 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 1150-1550 mm, and the annual evaporation is 1344-1748 mm. The wind direction is affected by the monsoon circulation, the most is east wind, followed by southwest wind and south wind.

soil

The soil in Nonggang Nature Reserve belongs to calcareous soil, which can be divided into five types according to the differences of topography, soil forming conditions and properties: original calcareous soil, black calcareous soil, brown calcareous soil, hydrated calcareous soil and leached red calcareous soil. The content of soil active humus is 5.3-10%, and the highest is 15%. The limestone soils are distributed in vertical belts.

hydrology

The surface water system in Nonggang nature reserve is very underdeveloped, with only some seasonal streams and some temporary backwater or ponds in the valley in rainy season. However, the groundwater resources are rich. It has been found that there are Longhu underground river (2.5km long), Shida underground river (6.5km long) and Nongshui underground river (5km long) with skylight distribution. The distribution of water resources in the area has great seasonal variation. The surface water and groundwater in the valley and depression are in the high water season, and the groundwater is mainly in the low water season.

Protected objects

animal

There are 226 species of vertebrates in 57 families of 22 orders in the reserve. Among them, there are 28 species in 20 families of 7 orders of mammals, 137 species in 35 families of 11 orders of birds, 35 species in 7 families of 3 orders of reptiles, 15 species in 5 families of 1 order of amphibians and 11 species of fish.

The animals under class I national protection are white headed langur (< ipresbytis leucocarphalus < / I), black leaf monkey (< ipresbytis francoisi < / I), bear Monkey (< imacca assamensis < / I), forest musk deer (< imoschus berezovskii < / I), python (< IPython molurus < / I), clouded leopard (< imoelis nebulosa), and bee Monkey (< iloris < / I) Among them, the white headed langur is only endemic to Guangxi, only distributed in the narrow area north of Mingjiang River and south of Zuojiang River in Chongzuo City, Guangxi. Longgang nature reserve is the main habitat of langur in Guangxi, and has the largest natural population in Guangxi. Guangxi forest snake (< iboiga guangxiensis) < / I and black net snake (< ioligodn joynsni) < / I were only found in Nonggang nature reserve and were endemic to Nonggang nature reserve. Istachyris nonggangensis (< istachyris nonggangensis) < / I, a new bird species discovered in 2008, is the second new species discovered, described and named by Chinese ornithologists. This kind of bird is only distributed in Nonggang nature reserve and the well preserved forests around it. The population number is only more than 100 pairs, and its living condition is in danger.

There are 36 species of animals under national class II protection, such as macaque (< imacaca mulatta < / I), black bear (< iselinarctos thibetanus < / I), pangolin (< imanis pentadactyla < / I), great civet (< iviverra zibetha < / I).

According to the comprehensive survey, the insect resources in the nature reserve amount to 565 species in 101 families of 14 orders, among which 201 species are butterflies.

Botany

There are abundant plant species in Nonggang nature reserve. There are 1725 species of vascular plants belonging to 799 genera of 183 families (including subspecies), including 64 cultivated plants belonging to 59 genera of 37 families, 22 naturalized plants belonging to 21 genera of 16 families, and 1639 wild vascular plants belonging to 753 genera of 175 families, including 146 species of pteridophytes belonging to 49 genera of 29 families, 8 species of gymnosperms belonging to 5 genera of 4 families, and 1485 species of angiosperms belonging to 699 genera of 142 families. Among these plants, Cycas miquelii, Cycas micholitzii, ibrretiodendron hsienmu, Alsophila spinulosa, ideutzianthus tonkienensis and ihorsfieldia belong to class I national protection There are 13 species including Hain < / I < ianensis < / I) and 862 species belonging to 528 genera of 153 families.

Nonggang not only has a large number of organisms, but also has a unique phenomenon because of its special karst habitat. During the comprehensive investigation in 1979, 29 species of new plants were collected, including 5 new varieties and 2 new forms, belonging to 24 genera of 20 families.

The plants in Nonggang nature reserve also have unique karst characteristics. According to the comprehensive investigation in 1979, there are 170 species of angiosperms belonging to 126 genera and 61 families in Nonggang