Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve

Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province

synonym

Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve generally refers to Jilin Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve

Jilin Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve is located in the southeast of Baishan City, Jilin Province, across the Yalu River from North Korea. The main protected objects are Moschus Moschus and its habitat.

The vegetation types in this area are various, the topography is complex, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and there are many cliffs. It is a good habitat for musk deer and one of the areas with high distribution density of musk deer in Jilin Province.

Historical evolution

The predecessor of Jilin Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve is Jilin Baishan Musk Deer Nature Reserve, which was established with the approval of Jilin Provincial People's Government in December 2006.

The nature reserve is a kind of "wildlife" and "wildlife" nature reserve with wild musk deer as the main protection object.

The nature reserve was listed as a National Nature Reserve on December 25, 2013.

geographical position

Location context

Jilin Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve is located in the southeast of Baishan City, Jilin Province, covering the administrative areas of Sandaogou town of Baishan City and Weishahe town of Linjiang City (county-level city). The nature reserve is adjacent to Sandaogou forest farm of Baishan City in the west, Weishahe forest farm construction area of Linjiang City in the north and East, and faces the Democratic People's Republic of Korea across the Yalu River in the south.

The geographical coordinates of the reserve are 126 ° 29 ′ 50 ″ - 126 ° 45 ′ 27 ″ E and 41 ° 36 ′ 43 ″ - 41 ° 49 ′ 54 ″ n, with a total area of 21995 hectares.

The reserve is divided into three areas, namely core area, buffer area and experimental area. The core area is 7653 hectares, the buffer area is 6449 hectares and the experimental area is 7893 hectares.

landforms

The original musk deer reserve is located in the eastern part of the Laoling mountains. The altitude ranges from 500 to 900 meters. The highest peak is Shuangshu peak, 1201 meters above sea level, and the lowest is Hulutao 278 meters above sea level.

vegetation

The zonal vegetation of Baishan Musk Deer Nature Reserve is broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Due to the difference of site conditions, there are also large areas of broad-leaved mixed forest and broad-leaved forest, forming the characteristics of diverse forest vegetation types in this area. According to the characteristics of plant composition, structure and appearance, it can be divided into three vegetation subtypes: coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and broad-leaved forest.

soil

The soil in the nature reserve is less basic material and generally acidic. The soil in the nature reserve can be divided into eight soil types: gray brown soil, albic soil, meadow soil, alluvial soil, swamp soil, peat soil, stony soil and paddy soil.

hydrology

The nature reserve has developed water system and abundant water resources. The main water system is Yalu River, which flows through the nature reserve for 35 km. The main tributaries in the nature reserve are: cuocaogou River, baimalang River and xiasandaogou river. Secondly, there are some small tributaries, such as xiaochangchuangou, Xianrendong, tianqiaogou, Gangou, Binggou, ermaju, etc. It forms a relatively dense river network with well-developed water system.

climate

The nature reserve is a temperate continental East Asian monsoon climate zone, which is the coldest area in Jilin Province. The climate is characterized by short time in spring, sharp temperature change, large temperature difference between day and night, and more southwest wind; hot and humid in summer, cool and sunny in autumn; long, cold and dry, and more northerly in winter. Affected by the cold wave, the first frost came early. The annual average temperature is 5.07 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 15.6 ℃, the average temperature in August is 21.3 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 36.5 ℃, and the historical minimum temperature in winter is - 35.1 ℃. Frost free period: 140-150 days, annual average accumulated temperature: 2584.4 ℃; sunshine hours: 2232.6h, annual average precipitation: 793.1mm. The freezing period is in late October, generally in early April. The maximum depth of frozen layer is 1.36M, the thickness of ice on water surface is 0.8-1.0m, and the maximum thickness of snow in normal years is 44cm.

Protected objects

Botany

There are 918 species of wild plants in 194 families (including 1120 species of fungi). Among them, there are 126 species belonging to 59 genera and 40 families of bryophytes, accounting for 26.14%, 13.44% and 13.73% of the total families, respectively; 62 species belonging to 33 genera and 20 families of pteridophytes, accounting for 13.07%, 7.52% and 6.75% of the total families, respectively; 730 species belonging to 347 genera and 93 families of seed plants (10 species belonging to 2 families of gymnosperms and 720 species belonging to 91 families of angiosperms) They account for 60.78% of the total families, 79.04% of the total genera and 79.52% of the total species (table 3-1). There are 202 species of fungi in 41 families. There are 18 species of national key protected wild plants in the nature reserve, including 1 species of national first-class key protected wild plants and 9 species of national second-class key protected wild plants.

animal

There are 355 species of wild vertebrates in 86 families, 33 orders, 6 classes. Among them, 51 species belong to 13 families; 17 species belong to 9 families; 246 species belong to 46 families; 41 species belong to 18 families.

There are 7 species of national class I key protected animals, including 2 species of mammals such as musk deer and sable, and 5 species of birds such as Oriental White Stork, black stork, Golden Eagle, white tailed sea eagle and Chinese merganser. There are 34 species of national second level key protected animals, including 5 species of mammals, such as black bear, lynx, green weasel, otter and red deer, and 29 species of birds, such as crested bee eagle, Black Kite, big owl, grey faced owl, osprey, peregrine falcon, carved owl, long tailed forest owl, hazel grouse and mandarin duck.

protection of important historical monuments

Hynobius Jilin

In May 2013, a new endangered species was found in Baishan Musk Deer Nature Reserve, Jilin Province. The discovery of this new species marks another progress in the ecological protection and construction of Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province.

Protection

Since the declaration of the National Nature Reserve, a large number of systematic protection work has been completed: a total of 3 boundary markers, 165 boundary markers, 10 billboards, 7 warning signs, 125 banners and more than 20000 leaflets have been set up in the core area, buffer area and experimental area. We have completed 5.7 km of iron Tribulus terrestris fence, set up a watchtower, built 1.1 km of transmission line in baimalang domestication base, repaired 11 km of patrol Road, and set up 5 monitoring points in the main distribution of the original musk deer reserve, highlighting the monitoring and protection of the original musk deer. According to the possible food shortage of wild animals in winter, snow shelter was set up in the key distribution areas of musk deer, and some juicy feed was put in regularly to supplement nutrition and ensure the expansion of musk deer population.

Scenery of the nature reserve

The Baishan Musk Deer National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province is rich in ecotourism resources. The area has many peaks, crisscross valleys and ridges, and many gullies. The main peaks of Shuangshu mountain, daojianlazi, baimalang, Donggang, sidaoyangcha and Dongshan are row by row, towering on the Northeast China DPRK border.

On the mountain, there are green trees, strange peaks and rocks, and graceful pavilions. Trees and wild flowers are in full bloom, lakes and mountains are beautiful, and layers of forests are dyed. Floating green water Bi, misty rain, constitute a natural, harmonious beautiful picture. It's sunny in the early summer. You can have a panoramic view of the Sino Korean border when you climb the mountain. Climbing up the mountain in autumn, I feel refreshed, as if I am in a fairyland.

There are many tributaries of the Yalu River in the nature reserve extending into the valley all the year round, forming a network of water veins. Like a silver chain, it injects infinite vitality into nature and breeds all things. It is the source of life. It shuttles through the earth and flows between mountains and rivers. The beauty of nature is refreshing. In the southwest foothills, there are many springs, and more than 100 streams. The mountain springs are sweet and clear Dang in the cliff wall, stream fish fine stone, vine tree horizontal, full of the original style of nature.

Looking at the distant mountains, the layers of forest are dyed, and the mountains are red. The mountains are beautiful with trees, and the forests are green with water. Because it is located at the border, it has been sparsely populated and densely forested since ancient times. There are secondary forest and plantation. The forest is prosperous and the vegetation is good. Distribution: Korean pine, larch, oak, Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurensis and other rare species. The mountains and rivers look deep and lush. Clear mountains and streams, vast rivers and fresh air form a natural and beautiful picture. There are many wild flowers in the reserve. The colorful wild flowers in spring, summer and autumn are dazzling. Mountains, forests and flowers constitute a harmonious natural landscape.

Jinyin gorge eco-tourism area has begun to take shape. Walking on the "Jinyin gorge" hiking line, you can see the gurgling of the river, the bottom is clear, and the pavilions and bridges are dotted on it. From afar, you can see the rise of Qifeng, the cliffs, the beautiful mountains and the lush trees. Along the winding mountain stone steps, listening to the singing of the stream, you can enjoy the Tiansheng waterfall, Yaowang Valley, ancient plank road, yixiantian, wurufeng, woxiong stone, Shenlong cave, dianjiangtai, Gaoxia lake, etc.

Address: Bai'an, Jilin Province